Polarization instability in lasers. I. Model and steady states of neodymium-doped fiber lasers

Zeghlache, Hassina; Boulnois, Arnaud

doi:10.1103/physreva.52.4229

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…32,33 Note that in the scalar model the lasing field E5E x e x 1E y e y burns a hole in the field distribution with depth h~E x j j 2 z E y 2 and so there is no coherent coupling of the polarisation modes caused by polarisation hole burning. 1-11, 27 As a result, the polarisation mode coupling is incoherent in this case, and the scalar model, which works well for the soliton description, cannot govern the observed complex dynamics.…”

Section: Vector Model Of An Edf Laser Model Locked With Carbon Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The absorption cross-section of an elliptically polarized pump is s a,p~s p ð Þ a m a e p À Á 2 and as a result, the pump light creates an orientational distribution of the population inversion n(h) 27,32,33 ( Figure 3). The lasing field E5E x e x 1E y e y burns a hole in this distribution with depth 27,32,33…”

Section: Vector Model Of An Edf Laser Model Locked With Carbon Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The new model accounts for the dipole mechanism of the light absorption and emission in erbium and carbon nanotube (CNT), slow relaxation dynamics of erbium ions and absorption of erbium at the lasing wavelength. 27,[31][32][33] It also includes a low-pass filter effect caused by the photodetector with a bandwidth of 1 MHz.…”

Section: Vector Model Of An Edf Laser Model Locked With Carbon Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The angular distribution of erbium ions at the first excited level n(h) can be expanded into a Fourier series as follows: 32,33 n h ð Þ~n…”

Section: Vector Model Of An Edf Laser Model Locked With Carbon Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spiral attractor created by vector solitons

et al. 2014

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Mode-locked lasers emitting a train of femtosecond pulses called dissipative solitons are an enabling technology for metrology, high-resolution spectroscopy, fibre optic communications, nano-optics and many other fields of science and applications. Recently, the vector nature of dissipative solitons has been exploited to demonstrate mode locked lasing with both locked and rapidly evolving states of polarisation. Here, for an erbium-doped fibre laser mode locked with carbon nanotubes, we demonstrate the first experimental and theoretical evidence of a new class of slowly evolving vector solitons characterized by a double-scroll chaotic polarisation attractor substantially different from Lorenz, Rö ssler and Ikeda strange attractors. The underlying physics comprises a long time scale coherent coupling of two polarisation modes. The observed phenomena, apart from the fundamental interest, provide a base for advances in secure communications, trapping and manipulation of atoms and nanoparticles, control of magnetisation in data storage devices and many other areas. Light: Science & Applications (2014) 3, e131; doi:10.1038/lsa.2014.12; published online 17 January 2014Keywords: chaos; mode-locked laser; polarisation phenomena; vector soliton INTRODUCTION Vector solitons (VSs) in mode-locked lasers comprise a train of stabilized short pulses (dissipative solitons 1-13 ) with the specific shape defined by a complex interplay and balance between the effects of gain/ loss, dispersion and nonlinearity. The state of polarisation (SOP) of the solitons either rotates with a period of a few round trips or is locked. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] The stability of VSs at the different time scales from femtosecond to microseconds is an important issue to be addressed for increased resolution in metrology, 14 spectroscopy 15 and suppressed phase noise in high speed fibre optic communication. 16 In addition, there is considerable interest in achieving high flexibility in the generation and control of dynamic SOPs in the context of trapping and manipulation of atoms and nanoparticles, 17-19 control of magnetisation 20 and secure communications. 21 The stability and evolution of VSs at a time interval from a few to thousands of cavity round trips is defined by asymptotic states (attractors) which the laser SOP approaches at a long time scale, viz. fixed point, periodic, quasiperiodic and chaotic dynamics. Soto-Crespo and Akhmediev 1,2 predicted theoretically based on the Ginzburg-Landau scalar model that dissipative solitons can generate strange attractors at the time scale of thousands of cavity round trips. Quantitative characterisation of strange attractors is usually based on the determination of geometric properties such as the fractal dimensionality, entropy and Lyapunov exponents. [22][23][24][25][26] For experimental data obtained in the form of a one-dimensional waveform (output power vs. time), such analysis requires the accumulation of a large amount of low noise data that is very difficult to achieve in systems where...

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Section: Vector Model Of An Edf Laser Model Locked With Carbon Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vector Model Of An Edf Laser Model Locked With Carbon Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vector Model Of An Edf Laser Model Locked With Carbon Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The angular distribution of erbium ions at the first excited level n(h) can be expanded into a Fourier series as follows: 32,33 n h ð Þ~n…”

Section: Vector Model Of An Edf Laser Model Locked With Carbon Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spiral attractor created by vector solitons

et al. 2014

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“…To simplify equations (2.8) further, we use an approximation introduced in [8,24] the validity of which has been justified in [25], i.e. we suggest that dipole moments of the transition with absorption and emission for erbium-doped silica (m a , m e ) and the dipole moment of the transition with absorption for CNT μ a are located in the plane defined by the orthogonal components of the lasing field E = E x e x + E y e y transverse to the direction of propagation [8] ( figure 1c).…”

Section: Vector Model Of Erbium-doped Fibre Laser Mode Locked By Carbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast and slowly evolving vector solitons in mode-locked fibre lasers

Sergeyev

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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We report on a new vector model of an erbium-doped fibre laser mode locked with carbon nanotubes. This model goes beyond the limitations of the previously used models based on either coupled nonlinear Schrödinger or Ginzburg-Landau equations. Unlike the previous models, it accounts for the vector nature of the interaction between an optical field and an erbium-doped active medium, slow relaxation dynamics of erbium ions, linear birefringence in a fibre, linear and circular birefringence of a laser cavity caused by in-cavity polarization controller and light-induced anisotropy caused by elliptically polarized pump field. Interplay of aforementioned factors changes coherent coupling of two polarization modes at a long time scale and so results in a new family of vector solitons (VSs) with fast and slowly evolving states of polarization. The observed VSs can be of interest in secure communications, trapping and manipulation of atoms and nanoparticles, control of magnetization in data storage devices and many other areas.

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