Polarization mode dispersion for single-mode fibers with polarization dependent losses

Impact of First- and Second-Order PMD in Optical Digital Transmission Systems

“…Ideal clock recovery is assumed with the instant of decision corresponding to the SOP-dependent mean transit time given by Eq. (29). Note that by computing the eye closure from a pseudo-random sequence, we account for the pattern effect [19].…”

“…Assuming negligible polarization-dependent loss [29] and no nonlinear effects, light propagation in an optical fiber can be described by a 2 × 2 complex transfer matrix, T(ω), of the form [2,9] …”

“…The envisioned single-channel 10 Gb/s upgrade of the existing networks is made possible by the advent of the 1550-nm erbium-doped fiber amplifier [25] and by various techniques devised to compensate for the chromatic dispersion of the embedded fibers at this wavelength [26]. While loss and chromatic dispersion are being put under control, surveys of the existing fiber plants have revealed that already installed fibers can exhibit very high PMDs even for medium-haul distances (20 ps for a 100-km link) [27][28][29]. For a bit rate of 10 Gb/s and such values of PMD, the impact of polarization dispersion on the transmission performance needs to be reassessed, taking into account second-order PMD.…”