Polarized Radiative Transfer Simulations: A Tutorial Review and Upgrades of the Vector Discrete Ordinate Radiative Transfer Computational Tool

Abstract

We present an overview and several important upgrades to the Vector Discrete Ordinate Radiative Transfer (VDISORT) code. VDISORT is a polarized (vector) radiative transfer code that can be applied to a wide range of research problems including the Earth’s atmosphere and ocean system. First, a solution is developed to the complex algebraic eigenvalue problem resulting when the b2 component of the Stokes scattering matrix is non-zero. This solution is needed to compute the V component of the Stokes vector I=[I∥,I⊥,U,V]T. Second, a significant improvement in computational efficiency is obtained by reducing the dimension of the algebraic eigenvalue by a factor of 2 resulting in a speed increase of about 23 = 8. Third, an important upgrade of the VDISORT code is obtained by developing and implementing a method to enable output at arbitrary polar angles by the integration of the source function (ISF) method for partially reflecting Lambertian as well as general non-Lambertian surfaces. Fourth, a pseudo-spherical treatment has been implemented to provide important corrections for Earth curvature effects at near horizontal solar zenith and observation (viewing) polar angles. Fifth, a post-processing single-scattering correction procedure has been developed to enhance the accuracy and speed for strongly forward-peaked scattering. With these significant improvements the results from the upgraded version of the VDISORT code match published benchmark results for Rayleigh scattering, Mie scattering, and scattering by non-spherical cirrus particles. The performance of VDISORT for a polarized incident beam source is equally satisfactory. The VDISORT vector radiative transfer code is made public and freely available for use by the growing polarimetric research community including the space-borne polarimeters on the future NASA PACE and AOS missions.

A novel approach to solve forward/inverse problems in remote sensing applications

“…Significant improvements to this vector (VDISORT) version were reported by Schulz et al (1999), and Schulz and Stamnes (2000). The ISF method has also been implemented in this VDISORT code (Lin et al, 2022) pertinent for a single slab medium with a constant index of refraction. Yan and Stamnes (2003) extended the ISF method to apply to the scalar C-DISORT code pertinent for two coupled adjacent slabs with different refractive indices, like an atmosphere-water system (Jin and Stamnes, 1994).…”

Radiative transfer and inversion codes for characterizing planetary atmospheres: an overview

“…;Rozanov et al (2014)], SICOR 21[Borsdorff et al (2017);Borsdorff et al (2018)], SKIRT 22[Baes et al (2003)], SMART-G 23[Ramon et al (2019)], TOMRAD[Dave (1964)], VDISORT[Lin et al (2022)], VLIDORT/LIDORT 24[Spurr and Christi (2019)], WFM-DOAS[Buchwitz et al (2004);Buchwitz et al (2005)] as well as models byHartogh (1989),Tinetti et al (2006a),Tinetti et al (2006b) andRobinson et al (2011).…”