Policy learning in REDD+ Donor Countries: Norway, Germany and the UK

Abstract

Norway, Germany and the UK have increased their spending, institutionalization and coordination efforts on REDD+.• Their approaches vary in crucial ways and have generated different kinds of lessons.• Funding objectives and approaches have shifted to land-use, co-benefits and global efforts of transformation.• Norway's strongest contribution is financial and political at political/social and institutional/structural levels.• Germany's strongest contribution is systematic and technical at cognitive/technical and social/political levels.• The UK's strongest contribution is pragmatic and analytical at cognitive/technical and social/political levels.• Merely adjusting the system in incremental ways will likely not solve the problems at hand.• Instead, novel modes of learning to facilitate such a transition are needed.

Environmental Justice and Transformations to Sustainability

“…These failures to recognize knowledge diversity become institutionalized in education systems, government, and even environ mental organizations, ignoring deep cul tural values and constraining policy learning. 72 In this light, some environmental jus tice researchers are now aligning with social movements such as Black Lives Matter in demanding the decolonization of knowledge. This is a call to transform environmentalism itself, in ways that recognize and promote alternative con ceptions of justice, progress, nature, and culture.…”

Factors Behind the Establishment and Fulfillment of Norway-Indonesia REDD+ Partnership (2010-2019)

“…To show its commitment towards global climate mitigation efforts, Jens Stoltenberg, who was Norway's Prime Minister in 2007, made a vow to award USD 1 billion annually to global climate change efforts in deforestation or REDD+, which action gain support from most political parties in Norway's parliament (Schroeder, Di Gregorio, Brockhaus, & Pham, 2020). Additionally, the next Prime Minister, Bård Vegar Solhjell believes that REDD+ by protecting forest simultaneously supports three pillars of sustainability, which consists of environmental, social, and economic; thus, he thinks that REDD+ is certainly a breakthrough in a greener environmental transition (Moss, 2012).…”

“…Furthermore, in Norway's political system, the Ministry of Climate and Environment holds a primary role in carrying out Norway's climate and environmental policies and commitments; however, a decision regarding international aid and development cooperation is made by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and its embassies (Schroeder, Di Gregorio, Brockhaus, & Pham, 2020). NICFI is a part of the Ministry of Climate and Environment and works under the surveillance of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for REDD+ international aid and development programs with objectives to (1) work to achieve the new international climate regime target on reduction of emission from deforestation and forest degradation; (2) take early actions to find a solution for cost-effective and verifiable GHG emissions reduction; (3) safeguard forests to maintain their carbon-storing capacity (NORAD, 2020).…”

Perspectives on REDD+ finances from donor to the developing countries: experience from Japan

“…However, private finance is expected to be a valuable new source of REDD+ finance. Currently, the major REDD+ donor countries are Norway, Australia, France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America (Schroeder et al, 2020). While the most donor countries mostly supported readiness programs, policy support, and demonstration projects, Norway has entered into bilateral agreements for results-based payment (Streck, 2012).…”