Pollen Analyses of Sediments From Lough Ine and Ballyally Lough, Co. Cork, S.W. Ireland

Buzer, Jenny S.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1980.tb00782.x

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Unlike previous investigations (Roche, 2009), this pollen diagram does show a distinct P. sylvestris decline at c. 48 cm. However, atypical of traditional Pinus pollen curves in Irish pollen diagrams (Buzer, 1980;Mitchell, 1990;, this Pinus curve recovers relatively soon after the Pinus decline. The Aughrim Swamp LOI results are relatively continuous throughout (Fig.…”

Section: Herbaceous Peatmentioning

confidence: 72%

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Re‐defining the natural range of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestrisL.): a newly discovered microrefugium in western Ireland

McGeever

Mitchell

2016

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim Native Pinus sylvestris became extirpated in Ireland, during a massive population decline experienced throughout Europe. It was extensively replanted in Ireland during the 18th century from Scottish stock. We test the hypothesis that P. sylvestris in Rockforest Co. Clare did not become extirpated during the P. sylvestris decline, and persisted to present day independent of 18th century plantations. Location Rockforest, Co. Clare in Ireland. Methods Fossil pollen was counted from a terrestrial core. Radiocarbon dates and age‐depth modelling was used to ascertain the core chronology. Loss‐on‐ignition was carried out to investigate sediment accumulation history. Pollen was also counted from moss polster pollen traps to explore the deposition of P. sylvestris pollen in the surrounding landscape. Historical maps were consulted to investigate the longevity of other nearby P. sylvestris populations. Results A continuous record of P. sylvestris is reported. The core extends through the last two millennia, and reports a clear decline of P. sylvestris at c. 1550 cal bp. The P. sylvestris pollen curve recovers quickly after the decline event and persists at high levels up until the present day. The loss‐on‐ignition data reveal a stable accumulation of sediment with no major erosion events. The moss polster pollen traps show the core site is a suitable location for collecting pollen from the Rockforest P. sylvestris population. Historical maps demonstrate that none of the other nearby P. sylvestris populations extends further back than plantations in the early 18th century. Main conclusions The population of P. sylvestris in Rockforest Co. Clare survived the regional P. sylvestris decline, recovered and persisted right up to the present day, independent of introduction by human agency. Hence, we identify this microrefugium population of native Irish stock outside of the current understanding of the native range for this tree species.

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Section: Herbaceous Peatmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…48 cm. However, atypical of traditional Pinus pollen curves in Irish pollen diagrams (Buzer, ; Mitchell, ; O'Connell & Molloy, ; O'Connell et al ., ), this Pinus curve recovers relatively soon after the Pinus decline. The Aughrim Swamp LOI results are relatively continuous throughout (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Re‐defining the natural range of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestrisL.): a newly discovered microrefugium in western Ireland

McGeever

Mitchell

2016

Journal of Biogeography

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“…The relative sea-level observations in both Co. Cork and in Co. Kerry are reinforced by studies of the pollen and diatom successions in the Holocene deposits of Lough h e (W095285) in the extreme west of Co. Cork (Buzer, 1980(Buzer, , 1981. Lough Ine is a small marine bay connected to the sea by a narrow (c. 12 rn) and shallow (c. 1 m) channel.…”

Section: Cork Harbourmentioning

confidence: 92%

Late Holocene sea levels in Ireland

Carter

Devoy

Shaw

1989

J Quaternary Science

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The course of Irish sea levels during the late-Holocene is not well-known, yet it is an understanding of this period that will prove crucial in the definition and management of future sea-level changes. The coastline of Ireland embraces wide environmental and glacio-isostatic contrasts, which serve and, to some extent, control sea-level events at both local and regional scales, making definitive resolution of relative sea-level changes difficult. In the southwest, the picture is of inexorable relative sea-level rise. Studies in Co. Kerry show a gradual submergence of terrestrial facies, by estuarine and, in places, marine materials. Pollen and diatom studies, together with 14C dates, suggest a decreasing rate of relative sea-level rise in the last 2500 years, often associated with geomorphological changes. Sites on the south coast of Ireland confirm the evidence from the southwest. In Cork Harbour, recent relative sea-level rise since 2100 BP was responsible for marginal land submergence, while elsewhere rising water levels appear to have caused rapid barrier migrations and coast erosion. Palaeoenvironmental evidence from this region suggests a distinctive pattern of sea-level change, associated with sedimentary and/or crustal dynamics, which is not encountered elsewhere in northwest Europe. The overall rate of relative sea-level change on the south and southwest coasts falls between 0.6 and 1.1 mm/year over the last 5000 years. In the north, there is a clear east to west variation in relative sea-level trends, following an isostatically-controlled peak ( + 3 to -1 m OD) between 6500 BP (east) and 3500 BP (west). Falling sea levels from 3500 to 1500 BP have been followed by a general slow rise, although there are still local anomalies to this'pattern, most noticeably at Malin Head, where sea level is currently falling at 2.4mm/year. Relative sea-level signatures in Ireland differ markedly between the north and south coasts. Furthermore geomorphological and ecological contexts of this rise vary from east to west, providing a complex all-Ireland framework for future investigations.

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“…While evidence of anthropogenic activity is noted elsewhere in south-west Ireland for the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods (Buzer 1980;Mighall et al 2007;Kearney 2019), it is not until the Chalcolithic/Early Bronze Age that the first evidence for such activity is recorded at Derrycarhoon. Increased representation of herbaceous taxa indicative of farming (cf.…”

Section: Bronze Age Farming and Mining Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies in Cork and Kerry, however, indicate the survival of pine in small stands in some areas (e.g. Buzer 1980;Mitchell 1988), thereby reducing its value as a chronological marker.…”

Section: Peat Associationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palynological investigation of a later Bronze Age copper mine at Derrycarhoon in south-west Ireland

Kearney¹,

O’Brien²

2021

Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy

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This paper presents the results of a recent palynological analysis at a prehistoric mine in the Mizen Peninsula of West Cork. Archaeological survey and excavation confirm Derrycarhoon is the first copper mine in Ireland dated to the later Bronze Age, c.1400-1000 BC. The production there represents the end of a mining tradition in the south-west region that began a millennium or so earlier at Ross Island, Co. Kerry. The palynological study at Derrycarhoon examines the contemporary environment of the early mine, to understand its effect on local vegetation during the later second millennium BC. This environmental impact was reduced by the small scale of ore extraction over several centuries, and by a mining technology that did not significantly impact local woodland at a location where contamination from surface ore-processing was both short-lived and localised. The results add to information on the variability of environmental impacts caused by mining and metal production in prehistoric Europe. Finally, this study contributes to a wider understanding of vegetation history and anthropogenic influences during the Holocene in the West Cork region.Public concern with mining today often centres on the negative consequences for the natural environment, as well as health and quality of life implications for local communities. This includes the physical alteration of landscape, atmospheric and groundwater pollution, and resulting effects on vegetation and the food chain. There were also various environmental impacts around the extraction of metal in prehistory, the scale of which largely depended on the intensity and duration of mining at different locations. This ranged from short-lived operations, often seasonal, producing small amounts of metal for local needs, to more sustained activity undertaken by established mining communities that supplied significant amounts of metal over a wide area through organised trade.The environmental impact of most prehistoric copper mines was confined to the extraction site and its immediate surroundings. There are examples where the scale of operations had greater consequences for the local or wider

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Pollen Analyses of Sediments From Lough Ine and Ballyally Lough, Co. Cork, S.W. Ireland

Cited by 9 publications

References 29 publications

Re‐defining the natural range of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestrisL.): a newly discovered microrefugium in western Ireland

Re‐defining the natural range of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestrisL.): a newly discovered microrefugium in western Ireland

Late Holocene sea levels in Ireland

Palynological investigation of a later Bronze Age copper mine at Derrycarhoon in south-west Ireland

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