Pollen morphology and anatomical features of Lilium (Liliaceae) taxa from Turkey

Abstract

In this study, pollen grains and anatomical features of Turkish lilies were investigated under the electron (SEM) and light (LM) microscope. LM and SEM observations showed that the pollen grains are monosulcate, heteropolar, elliptical in polar view and oblate. Numerical results based on combined palynological and anatomical characters were discussed and compared with traditional taxonomic treatments. It was found that the midrib shape, mesophyll type, P/E (polar/equatorial), sulcus length, and lumina width are the most valuable traits in separating the examined taxa. The numerical analysis showed that Lilium candidum L. differs from the rest Turkish Lilium and also confirmed a close relationship between L. szovitsianum Fisch. & Avé-Lall. and L. armenum Miscz. ex Grossh. Also this study is the first report dealing with anatomical and palynological features of all Turkish lilies.

Karyomorphological and SEM studies in newly discovered populations of a critically endangered medicinal plant — Lilium polyphyllum D. Don ex Royle from a high altitude protected area of north‐western Himalaya

“…Another primitive feature of pollen grains of seed plants observed in L. polyphyllum is the presence of monosulcate aperture widely recorded in monocotyledons (Furness & Rudall, 2001). Similar outcomes have been reported in other species of the genus Lilium by Kosenko (1999), Muratović et al (2010) and Güven et al (2014) and for this species by Dhyani, Bahuguna, Semwal, Nautiyal, and Nautiyal (2009). Du et al (2014) opined that evolutionary trend regarding pollen sculpture and size are related to selective pressure to adapt to environmental conditions.…”

“…To best of our knowledge, no information on the SEM studies on pollen grains and seeds of the species are available in the literature. However, many other species of the genus Lilium have been studied for palynological traits by various other workers from different parts of the world (Baranova, 1985; Du et al, 2014; Güven et al, 2014; Kosenko, 1999; Muratović, Robin, Bogunić, Šoljan, & Siljak‐Yakovlev, 2010). On the basis of number, shape, and arrangement of columellae that form the muri, Baranova (1985) described three morphological types, Martagon, Concolor, and Callose.…”

“…Microscopy techniques have been useful in delimiting species, their characters for correct identification, and can be of immense significance for taxonomists (Amini, Zarre, & Assadi, 2011; Attar, Esfandani‐Bozchaloyi, Mirtadzadini, Ullah, & Zaman, 2019; Aydın, 2020; Ceter, Ekici, Pınar, & Ozbek, 2013; Du et al, 2014; Esfandani‐Bozchaloyi & Zaman, 2018; Fagúndez & Izco, 2011; Ghimire et al, 2015; Güven et al, 2014; Kameshwari, 2011; Lekhak, Yadav, Attar, Rajput, & Ghane, 2018; Masoumi, 2012; Tedeschini, Costarelli, Bricchi, & Frenguelli, 2020; Tekşen, Aytaç, & Pınar, 2010; Ullah, Papini, et al, 2018; Ullah, Zafar, et al, 2018; Zhang, Yang, Lu, & Knapp, 2005), especially in case of endangered species. Based on literature review studies involving microscopy techniques in endangered White Himalayan lily are very limited.…”

Identification of monocot flora using pollen features through scanning electron microscopy

“…Erdtman (1952) worked on the pollens of family Agavoideae having 1–2 sulcate and operculate pollen grains. LM and SEM analysis show that the pollen of Liliaceae was monosulcate, inaperturate or three aperturate, perforate‐rugulate, microreticulate‐striate, and reticulate‐micro‐reticulate, exine surface were more useful in the development of taxonomic key (Güven et al, ; Kosenko, ). Fertility of pollen is considered as the primary character of the pollen grains but in flora of Pakistan, it is crucial to replenish and reforest it.…”

“…In recent era use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has become an indispensable research technique in the micro‐morphological analysis of the pollen (Yang et al, ). Pollen morphology of the family Liliaceae and pollen description of Lilium taxa has been conducted by various authors using LM and SEM (Baranova, ; Güven et al, ). In another study pollen morphology of genus Gagea and Sulcus morphology as well as other monocot families have been documented (Halbritter & Hesse, ; Zarrei & Zarre, ), triaperturate pollen description of monocotyledon (Harley, ), operculum and sulcus structure in the pollen of Iridaceae subfamily Ixioideae (Goldblatt, Manning, & Bari, ), pollen morphology of genus Crocus , family Iridaceae (Caiola, Di Somma, & Lauretti, ; Işik & Dönmez, ; ŞIK FCTKL, ), pollen description of family Iridaceae subfamily Iridiodeae (Goldblatt and Le Thomas, ).…”