Pollination services at risk: Bee habitats will decrease owing to climate change in Brazil

Giannini, Tereza Cristina; Acosta, André Luís; Garófalo, Carlos Alberto; Saraiva, Antônio Mauro; Alves-dos-Santos, Isabel; Imperatriz-Fonseca, Vera Lúcia

doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.06.035

Cited by 150 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Important features of most bee species of our list are poorly known, such as nesting and foraging behavior. In particular, the solitary and para-social bees, which have been identified as important pollinators of many crops (e.g., in the case of culture Exomalopsis tomato and pepper) (Kremen et al, 2011;Giannini et al, 2012;Van der Valk et al, 2013;Santos et al, 2014). The knowledge about the biology of these bees is essential to implementing friendly practices for the producers of tomatoes and of other crops reliant on pollinators.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High species richness of native pollinators in Brazilian tomato crops

et al. 2016

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Pollinators provide an essential service to natural ecosystems and agriculture. In tomatoes flowers, anthers are poricidal, pollen may drop from their pore when flowers are shaken by the wind. However, bees that vibrate these anthers increase pollen load on the stigma and in fruit production. The present study aimed to identify the pollinator richness of tomato flowers and investigate their morphological and functional traits related to the plant-pollinator interaction in plantations of Central Brazil. The time of anthesis, flower duration, and the number and viability of pollen grains and ovules were recorded. Floral visitors were observed and collected. Flower buds opened around 6h30 and closed around 18h00. They reopened on the following day at the same time in the morning, lasting on average 48 hours. The highest pollen availability occurred during the first hours of anthesis. Afterwards, the number of pollen grains declined, especially between 10h00 to 12h00, which is consistent with the pollinator visitation pattern. Forty bee species were found in the tomato fields, 30 of which were considered pollinators. We found that during the flowering period, plants offered an enormous amount of pollen to their visitors. These may explain the high richness and amount of bees that visit the tomato flowers in the study areas. The period of pollen availability and depletion throughout the day overlapped with the bees foraging period, suggesting that bees are highly effective in removing pollen grains from anthers. Many of these grains probably land on the stigma of the same flower, leading to self-pollination and subsequent fruit development. Native bees (Exomalopsis spp.) are effective pollinators of tomato flowers and are likely to contribute to increasing crop productivity. On the other hand, here tomato flowers offer large amounts of pollen resource to a high richness and amount of bees, showing a strong plant-pollinator interaction in the study agroecosystem.Keywords: agroecosystem, buzz pollination, Exomalopsis, poricidal anther, Solanum lycopersicum L. Alta riqueza de espécies de polinizadores nativos em plantações Brasileiras de tomateiro ResumoPolinizadores fornecer um serviço essencial para os ecossistemas naturais e para agricultura.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High species richness of native pollinators in Brazilian tomato crops

et al. 2016

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“…This phenomenon has led the international scientific community to attempt to understand the implications of this decline for global ecosystems and propose mechanisms for reducing this decline (Allen-Wardell et al, 1998;International Pollinators Initiative, 1999;Biesmeijer et al, 2006;Freitas et al, 2009;Burkle & Alarcón, 2011;Giannini et al, 2012). As the environmental services provided by native bees in particular are important it is essential to understand those aspects of their biology, behaviour and ecology that can be used to develop conservation initiatives designed to maintain pollination (Allen-Wardell et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen types collected by Tetragonisca angustula (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in dry vegetation in Northeastern Brazil

Novaıs¹,

Absy²,

Santos³

2014

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. Knowing the floral origin of the pollen collected by native bees in Neotropical ecosystems enables us to understand the dynamics of the interdependent relationships between the insects and the native flora. The objectives of this study were to: (i) investigate the spectrum of plant species from which pollen is collected by Tetragonisca angustula in caatinga (dry vegetation) areas in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil; (ii) identify pollen types that could be used as regional geographical markers and (iii) determine the pollen niche breadth and the pattern of use of floral resources by this stingless bee. In total, 23 samples of the pollen stored by T. angustula were collected monthly and subjected to acetolysis. Of the 45 pollen types identified that of Prosopis juliflora (Fabaceae) and Solanum (Solanaceae) were the most frequently represented in the samples and 19 were collected by the bees at both study sites. Species characteristic of caatinga, such as Poincianella pyramidalis (Tulasne) L.P. Queiroz and Senna macranthera (de Candolle ex Colladon) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, were among the pollen identified and they were used as indicators of the geographical origin of the samples. The average values of the pollen niche breadth (H') and equitability (J') indicate that T. angustula is a generalist and homogeneous forager of the floral resources in caatinga.

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“…Climate change can affect the geographic distribution of pollinators (13,14), and thus the effectiveness of pollination. Therefore, coffee production will likely be affected by climate change in two ways: directly, through the effects of changes in temperature, rainfall, or extreme events on coffee production, and indirectly, through changes in pollination services.…”

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confidence: 99%

Coupling of pollination services and coffee suitability under climate change

Imbach

Fung

Lee

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Climate change will cause geographic range shifts for pollinators and major crops, with global implications for food security and rural livelihoods. However, little is known about the potential for coupled impacts of climate change on pollinators and crops. Coffee production exemplifies this issue, because large losses in areas suitable for coffee production have been projected due to climate change and because coffee production is dependent on bee pollination. We modeled the potential distributions of coffee and coffee pollinators under current and future climates in Latin America to understand whether future coffee-suitable areas will also be suitable for pollinators. Our results suggest that coffeesuitable areas will be reduced 73-88% by 2050 across warming scenarios, a decline 46-76% greater than estimated by global assessments. Mean bee richness will decline 8-18% within future coffee-suitable areas, but all are predicted to contain at least 5 bee species, and 46-59% of future coffee-suitable areas will contain 10 or more species. In our models, coffee suitability and bee richness each increase (i.e., positive coupling) in 10-22% of future coffee-suitable areas. Diminished coffee suitability and bee richness (i.e., negative coupling), however, occur in 34-51% of other areas. Finally, in 31-33% of the future coffee distribution areas, bee richness decreases and coffee suitability increases. Assessing coupled effects of climate change on crop suitability and pollination can help target appropriate management practices, including forest conservation, shade adjustment, crop rotation, or status quo, in different regions.coffee | adaptation strategies | smallholder farms | suitability modeling | pollination C limate change impact assessments suggest a significant reduction, up to 50% (1, 2), in the global area suitable for coffee farming by midcentury. Such losses will affect the livelihoods of 100 million people in the coffee industry (2). The direct effect of climate change on the climatic suitability of coffee farms may be mitigated or accentuated by further effect on pollinators (3). These coupled effects have not been examined in coffee climate studies.Pollinator activity at flowers has a positive effect on coffee yield (4), fruit set (5-7), and berry weight (4, 7). Significant fruit set increases occur on coffee farms as the number of bee species increases from 3 to 20 (5). Native bee species are often more effective coffee pollinators than nonnative honey bees (8), and maximizing their diversity can help provide continuous pollination over time (9). The number of flower visits and pollen deposition on flowers are higher for coffee plants close to the forest (5, 9-11) because food and nesting sites maintain pollinator populations year-round (9). Native bee foraging activity declines within hundreds of meters (up to 1,600 m) from forests where bees nest (9), making forest proximity an important determinant of pollination service. In tropical forest regions where coffee is grown, the abundant native bees are ...

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Pollination services at risk: Bee habitats will decrease owing to climate change in Brazil

Cited by 150 publications

References 42 publications

High species richness of native pollinators in Brazilian tomato crops

High species richness of native pollinators in Brazilian tomato crops

Pollen types collected by Tetragonisca angustula (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in dry vegetation in Northeastern Brazil

Coupling of pollination services and coffee suitability under climate change

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