Pollution control in biochar-driven clean composting: Emphasize on heavy metal passivation and gaseous emissions mitigation

Biochar can mitigate co-selection and control antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) in compost and soil

“…In pig manure composting, 12% dose of wheat biochar and rice straw biochar immobilised Cu and Zn ( Awasthi et al., 2020c ). In similar studies, 10% biochar dose, passivated and reduced the BF of Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb with a greater effect on Cu and Pb ( Cui et al., 2020b ; Duan et al., 2021 ; Hao et al., 2019 ; Li et al., 2017 ; Qian et al., 2019 ). The bacterial diversity was increased and altered at thermophilic phase, and the effect of bacterial on metal passivation was dependent of C:N ratio ( Song et al., 2021 ).…”

Biochar mitigates the biotoxicity of heavy metals in livestock manure during composting

“…The heavy metal content presented the increased trend due to the degradation of organic matters during composting. The content of heavy metals in compost products was at least 20% higher than that of initial materials, and some were even more than twice as high (Cui et al 2020;Duan et al 2021). Therefore, heavy metal pollution is a potential threat in the application of composting products (Zhang et al 2017).…”

“…Therefore, the microbial community and functional distribution changed after embedding materials. The succession of microbial community promoted the formation of HA and the mitigation of heavy metal bioavailability (Cui et al 2020;Awasthi et al 2021).…”

“…However, livestock manure also contains a large number of refractory pollutants, such as heavy metals. This was caused by the addition of a large amount of Cu and Zn in the breeding process to promote animal growth and reduce intestinal diseases (Duan et al 2021). The heavy metal content presented the increased trend due to the degradation of organic matters during composting.…”

Performance evaluation of rhamnolipids addition for the biodegradation and bioutilization of petroleum pollutants during the composting of organic wastes with waste heavy oil

“…Appropriately increasing the temperature of the composting system indicates that microorganisms are more active. To accelerate the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in the composting process, many researchers also use biochar and other additives to improve the composting performances ( Duan et al., 2021 ; Joseph et al., 2018 ). Although microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons can be accelerated by adding nutrient additives and increasing temperature, the low dissolution rate and hydrophobic characteristics of hydrocarbons make it difficult for microorganisms to directly contact petroleum hydrocarbons, which is the main problem to be solved.…”