POLLUTION INDEX AND ECONOMIC VALUE OF VANNAMEI SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) FARMING IN INDONESIA

Abstract

Shrimp farming has contributed a large share in Indonesia’s aquaculture portfolio for at least a decade, and a national plan to increase shrimp production by 250% has been recently laid out. However, boosting shrimp productions could lead to unintended consequences in environmental and socio-economic negative impacts. The rapid development of vannamei farming in Java has increased coastline land clearings and demands of fertilizers, feeds, and chemicals to sustain the farming activities. Such pressures will eventually lead to a reduced environmental capacity and the farming efficiency itself. This study aimed to study the environmental impacts and business performance of intensive shrimp farming in Indonesia. The study was conducted in Aquaculture Business Center (ABC) in Karawang for four months, from July to October 2020. In-situ and ex-situ measurements of water quality parameters were done at six sampling stations directly post-harvest water discharge. The measured parameters consisted of temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia (NH3), nitrite (NO2), nitrate (NO3), phosphate (PO4), alkalinity, and salinity. Pollution Index (PI) was used as the primary method to determine the environmental impacts of the shrimp farming. The R/C Ratio was used to analyze the business performance of the company. The results showed that the water quality index in the ABC area was categorized as lightly polluted in station 1 (PIj 4.52) and station 5 (PIj 4.37), moderately polluted in station 2 (PIj 6.24), station 3 (PIj 6.72), and station 4 (PIj 6.13) and heavily polluted in station 6 (PIj 111.06). The determined R/C ratio was 1.10, meaning that the shrimp farming is classified as economically profitable. Although the shrimp farming’s economic performance value is very good, the water conditions affected by waste from the shrimp pond culture will reduce the R/C ratio in the future if not properly managed.

Physico-Chemical and Biological Water Quality of Tuntang Estuary, Demak, Central Java as A Base for Sustainable River Management

“…This is indicated by the color of the river water, which is green (Figure 2). High organic content increases water productivity and reduces dissolved oxygen (Bosman et al, 2021). The concentration of Cr in February and September 2022 exceeded the water quality standard of 0.05 mg L -1 (Figure 15) for Class I, II, and III.…”

Pemanfaatan Teknologi Pemasaran Digital dan Manajemen Keuangan di Desa Maron Kabupaten Kediri

“…Sektor perikanan budidaya di Indonesia memang memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan terhadap perekonomian dan ketahanan pangan negara. Indonesia telah menetapkan target ambisius untuk pertumbuhan akuakultur, dengan tujuan menjadi produsen produk akuakultur tertinggi di dunia pada tahun 2030 [2]. Perikanan budidaya berkontribusi dalam sektor perikanan yang ditandai oleh peningkatan produksi tiap tahunnya [3].…”

EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN AUTOMATIC FEEDER PADA BUDIDAYA UDANG VANAME (Litopenaeus vannamei) DI PT. WINDU MARINA ABADI KECAMATAN SAMBELIA, LOMBOK TIMUR

“…Nilai ekonomi yang tinggi serta harga yang relatif stabil tersebut membuat peluang pasar budidaya bagi komoditas ini masih terbuka lebar, terutama untuk pasar ekspor (Triyanti & Hikmah, 2015). Menurut Bosman et al (2021), budidaya udang vaname tergolong memberikan keuntungan secara ekonomi.…”

“…Pengecekan anco juga dilakukan terlalu cepat yaitu 1 jam setelah pemberian pakan dan pengecekan hanya dilakukan pada 2 anco, pengeringan pada tambak terlalu cepat yaitu tambak unit A hanya melakukan pengeringan selama 7 hari karena panen pada Bulan Januari dibandingkan tambak unit B yang melakukan panen pada Bulan Desember, kurangnya dosis sterilisasi dan probiotik menyebabkan kualitas air yang belum optimal sehingga penyakit mudah muncul seperti berak putih White Feces Disease (WFD) dan Enterocytozoon heparopenaei (EHP). Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran kualitas air dengan nilai parameter suhu menunjukan kisaran normal, hal ini sama dengan penelitian Hukom et al (2020) di tambak Sidoarjo, dan Karawang (Bosman et al, 2021). Nilai salinitas memiliki kisaran normal untuk budidaya udang.…”