Polonium release from an ATW burner system with liquid lead-bismuth coolant

Li, N.; Yefimov, E.I.; Pankratov, Dmitry

doi:10.2172/674867

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…[11,9] Also Polonium hydride (H 2 Po) is assumed to be produced in the interaction with water and is therefore expected in the LBE cover gas [12,13,14,15,6]. However, its presence is questionable on basis of its thermodynamical instability[2, 16,17].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Binary and ternary Po-containing molecules relevant for LBE cooled reactors at operating temperature

Deyne

Rijpstra

Waroquier

et al. 2015

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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Quantum-chemical calculations at several levels of theory were used to assess the stability at different temperatures of a set of 13 binary and ternary Pocontaining molecules that could possibly be formed in an environment with lead, bismuth, oxygen and water. These are conditions that are relevant for a heavy liquid metal cooled fission reactor. The conclusions are that especially PoPb, PbPoO and PoOH and to a lesser extent Po 2 and PoO are stable. These small molecules are likely to be found near the Lead-Bismuth-Eutectic (LBE) coolant at operational temperatures. In contrast Po 3 and PoBi are unlikely to be present under the assumed conditions. Several stability criteria, such as the dissociation into free atoms or into molecular fragments at realistic Poconcentrations or in the thermodynamic limit are discussed at different temperatures. The results obtained with a medium level of theory (Density Functional Theory, PBE0 with Relativistic Effective Core Potentials) show good qualitative correspondence with calculations performed at a much higher level of theory (Multi Reference Configuration Interaction, with spin-orbit coupling and scalar relativistic Hamiltonian). This makes the medium level of theory to be a fair alternative, for obtaining at least qualitative insight, for a high level calculation method which is unfeasible for much larger systems.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Binary and ternary Po-containing molecules relevant for LBE cooled reactors at operating temperature

Deyne

Rijpstra

Waroquier

et al. 2015

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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“…For example, when the coolant temperature is around 673K, only 0.2% (χ Po,LBE ) of Po in the LBE is left in the form of Po, and the remaining 99.8% (χ PbPo,LBE ) is in the form of PbPo. Both Po and PbPo can evaporate into the cover gas at a high temperature (Li et al, 1998;Buongiorno, 2001;Buongiorno et al, 2017), which is slow but non-neglectful from the perspective of radioactive safety.…”

Section: Po Behavior In the Lfrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Physics Model Development for Polonium Transport Behavior in a Lead-Cooled Fast Reactor

et al. 2021

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210Po, a highly toxic element with strong volatility, is one of the main source terms of a Gen-IV lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR). Therefore, the radioactive safety caused by 210Po has become an important topic in LFR-related research. In order to simulate the behavior of 210Po in an LFR, this work developed a multi-physics model of an LFR from the perspective of radioactive transport. Considering the effects of nuclide decay, cover gas leakage, containment ventilation, and Po aerosol deposition, a comprehensive simulation was carried out to evaluate the sensitivity of those effects on the 210Po distribution in detail. Preliminary results indicate that during normal operation, most of the 210Po in the LBE exist in the form of PbPo, and around 10–9 of 210Po could evaporate from the LBE into the cover gas, and then further leak into the containment. In addition, even if the leakage rate of 210Po in the cover gas into the containment is maintained at 5‰ per day, due to the deposition of Po aerosol, the 210Po contamination on the inner surface of the containment is still below the radioactivity concentration limits.

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“…Effective measure for polonium 577 contamination should be developed for the use of LBE in nuclear systems. Some activities related to the polonium issue have been performed (Pankratov, 2001;Li, 1998;Loewen, 2003) As already mentioned, the shield of alpha-rays from polonium-210 is easy. So the polonium in LBE is not so serious problem if the sealing of the primary loop is good.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of polonium surface contamination measure in lead-bismuth eutectic coolant

Obara

Miura

Sekimoto

2005

Progress in Nuclear Energy

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Polonium release from an ATW burner system with liquid lead-bismuth coolant

Abstract: Report -Informal Distribution

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

Binary and ternary Po-containing molecules relevant for LBE cooled reactors at operating temperature

Binary and ternary Po-containing molecules relevant for LBE cooled reactors at operating temperature

Multi-Physics Model Development for Polonium Transport Behavior in a Lead-Cooled Fast Reactor

Development of polonium surface contamination measure in lead-bismuth eutectic coolant

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