Poly-.beta.-hydroxyalkanoate from activated sludge

Wallen, Lowell L.; Rohwedder, W. K.

doi:10.1021/es60091a007

Cited by 236 publications

(95 citation statements)

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“…Bacteria synthesize PHAs from coenzyme A thioesters of the respective hydroxyalkanoic acid and are able to produce a wide range of different PHAs due to the rather unspecific PHA synthases that catalyse the polymerization reaction. In 1974, 3-hydroxyvaleric acid and 3-hydroxyhexanoic acid were identified as additional constituents of these bacterial polyesters (Wallen & Rohwedder, 1974). More than 130 different hydroxyalkanoic acids are now known as constituents of bacterial PHAs (for a review see Steinbu$ chel & Valentin, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a new class of biopolymer: bacterial synthesis of a sulfur-containing polymer with thioester linkages

et al. 2001

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This is the first report on the biosynthesis of a hitherto unknown, sulfurcontaining polyester and also the first report on a bacterial polymer containing sulfur in the backbone. The Gram-negative polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-accumulating bacterium Ralstonia eutropha synthesized a copolymer of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-mercaptopropionate, poly(3HB-co-3MP), when 3-mercaptopropionic acid or 3,3'-thiodipropionic acid was provided as carbon source in addition to fructose or gluconic acid under nitrogen-limited growth conditions. The peculiarity of this polymer was the occurrence of thioester linkages derived from the thiol groups of 3MP and the carboxyl groups of 3MP or 3HB, respectively, which occurred in addition to the common oxoester bonds of PHAs. Depending on the cultivation conditions and the feeding regime, poly(3HB-co-3MP) contributed up to 19 % of the cellular dry weight, with a molar fraction of 3MP of up to 43 %. The chemical structure of poly(3HB-co-3MP) was confirmed by GC/MS, IR spectroscopy, 1 H-and 13 C-NMR spectroscopy, and elemental sulfur analysis. The identification of this novel biopolymer reveals a new quality regarding the substrate range of PHA synthases and their capability for the synthesis of technically interesting polymers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a new class of biopolymer: bacterial synthesis of a sulfur-containing polymer with thioester linkages

et al. 2001

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“…A bacterial polyester heteropolymer, composed primarily of P-hydroxyvalerate and P-hydroxybutyrate (HV-HB heteropolymer), has been isolated from activated sludges by Wallen and coworkers (17,18). Usefulness of this polymer as a raw material has not been explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ZAuthor to whom correspondence should be sent at present polyesters (30,31 (18). The oligomers with a vinylic endgroup are referred to as "dehydrates".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis of bacterial polyalkanoates

Morikawa¹,

Marchessault²

1981

Can. J. Chem.

141

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HIROMICHI MORIKAWA and ROBERT H. MARCHESSAULT. Can. J. Chem. 59,2306(1981. Pyrolysis products from bacterial polyesters, poly-P-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), and froma heteropolyester(P-hydroxyvalerate and P-hydroxybutyrate) were identified. Different physical forms of PHB were studied: PHB purified by dissolution in chloroform, native granules of PHB, and PHB in bacterial cells. The products were characterized by gc, ms, and nmr analysis. The yield of crotonic acid obtained by the pyrolysis of purified PHB was 60 to 65%. Pyrolysis of PHB native granules yielded crotonic acid as well as oligomers of PHB with a terminal crotonate. Upon direct pyrolysis of dry bacterial cells, the yield of crotonic acid was 20 to 25% of the PHB in the cells. From the heteropolymer, 2-pentenoic acid and terminally unsaturated oligomers of polyhydroxyvalerate were obtained. The usefulness of the pyrolysis method for obtaining vinyl compounds from bacterial cultures containing polyalkanoates is discussed.HIROMICHI MORIKAWA et ROBERT H. MARCHESSAULT. Can. J. Chem. 59,2306(1981. On a identifie les produits provenant de la pyrolyse des polyesters bactiriens poly-P-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) et du polyester heterogene (P-hydroxyvalirate e t P-hydroxybutyrate). On a Ctudie les differentes formes physiques du PHB: le PHB purifie par dissolution dans le chloroforme, les granules naturels de PHB et le PHB des cellules bacteriennes. On acaracterise les produits par chromatographie en phase gazeuse, par spectrometrie de masse et par la rmn. Le rendement en acide crotonique provenant de la pyrolyse du PHB purifie est de 60 a 65%. L a pyrolyse des granules naturels de PHB conduit aussi bien 5 I'acide crotonique qu'a des oligomkres du PHB avec un crotonate terminal. La pyrolyse directe des cellules bacteriennes s6ches conduit a un rendement en acide crotonique qui represente 20 a 25% du PHB contenu dans les cellules. On a obtenu du polymere hkterogkne I'acide penten-2 I oique et des oligomkres du polyhydroxyvalerate insaturk en position terminale. On discute de I'utilite de la methode de pyrolyse en I vue d'obtenir des composes vinyliques a partir des cultures bacteriennes contenant des polyalcanoates.

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“…Williamson and Wilkinson (1958) indicated that accumulation of P(3HB) is an intracellular reserve carbon and energy material in Bacillus sp. [40], after that in 1974, Wallen and Rohwedder identified hydroxyalkanoate (HA) other than 3HB [41]. The HA units 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) and 3-hydroxyhexanoate (3HHx) were identified in chloroform extract of activated sludge in major and minor constituents; a decade later heteropolymers were identified in marine sediments, which were analyzed by utilizing capillary gas chromatography explored 3HB and 3HV as a major in 11 other HA units [42].…”

Section: Biopolymer From Microorganismsmentioning

confidence: 99%