Poly(hexamethylene succinate) copolyesters containing phosphorus pendent group: Retarded crystallization and solid-state microstructure

Wei, Zhiyong; Zhou, Cheng; Yu, Yang; Li, Yang

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2015.06.051

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The solution viscosities η Inh correlated with the number average molar masses M n . The dispersities Ð = M w / M n were in the typical range of step‐growth polymerizations (≈2) . The experimental phosphorus contents were close to the calculated values.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Phosphorus‐Containing Polymer Flame Retardants for Aliphatic Polyesters

Schwarzer

Korwitz

Komber

et al. 2017

Macro Materials & Eng

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Polyesters with 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxy‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide‐containing comonomers are synthesized aiming to improve the flame retardancy of aliphatic polyesters such as poly(butylene succinate) and poly(butylene sebacate). The influence of the chemical structure on the thermal decomposition and pyrolysis is examined using a combination of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), TGA‐Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, pyrolysis‐gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and microscale combustion flow calorimetry. Thermal decomposition pathways are derived and used to select suitable candidates as flame retardants for PBS. The fire behavior of the selected polymers is evaluated by forced‐flaming combustion in a cone calorimeter. The materials show two modes of action for flame retardancy: strong flame inhibition due to the release of a variety of molecules combined with charring in the solid state.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Phosphorus‐Containing Polymer Flame Retardants for Aliphatic Polyesters

Schwarzer

Korwitz

Komber

et al. 2017

Macro Materials & Eng

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“…Since it is impossible to obtain the final thermodynamically stable lamellar crystal in experiment due to the kinetic barriers, extrapolative method is used to estimate 0 m T . 59 Among them, the Hoffman-Weeks procedure has been commonly used and accepted to estimate 0 m T , particularly for the copolyester systems. 12,45 Despite criticism, the Hoffman-Weeks method is still in use because of its general applicability, simplicity and straightforward experimental implementation.…”

Section: Difference In Cocrystallization Miscibility Effect Of Even-omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They assumed that the comonomer units were included into the host crystal and acted as defects, however, it is still difficult to find consensus between theoretical prediction and the experimental data. 59,67 Wendling and Suter [68][69][70] have proposed a new general model combined the Sanchez-Eby model and the Baur model, who introduced a novel method to calculate the defect Gibbs energy of comonomer inclusions via the thermodynamic-integration approach. This theoretical approach has been tested with success on the crystallization behavior for many copolymer systems.…”

Section: Difference In Cocrystallization Miscibility Effect Of Even-omentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique isodimorphism and isomorphism behaviors of even-odd poly(hexamethylene dicarboxylate) aliphatic copolyesters

Sang

Wei

et al. 2017

Polymer

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Three series of even-odd aliphatic copolyesters, poly(hexamethylene gluarate-co-hexamethylene pimelate) (PHGP), poly(hexamethylene pimelate-co-hexamethylene azelate) (PHPA), and poly(hexamethylene gluarate-co-hexamethylene azelate) (PHGA), were firstly synthesized derived from even diol of 1,6-hexanediol with odd diacids of glutaric acid, pimelic acid or azelaic acid, respectively. Then, their cocrystallization behaviors were systematically investigated by DSC, WAXD, and POM techniques. It is found that both PHGP and PHPA showed isodimorphism with a characteristic eutectic behavior observed from the plot of melting point versus composition, however, PHGA exhibited strict isomorphism in the whole composition range without a eutectic point. WAXD studies also confirmed the unique isodimorphism and isomorphism behaviors for even-odd copolyesters. The only slight change of the methylene number in alkyl unit of comonomers could generate so large difference in crystallization behavior, which exhibits unique physicochemical properties and structure-properties correlations in such even-odd copolyesters. Furthermore, the difference in cocrystallization miscibility effect of comonomers was analyzed by thermodynamics based on the defect Gibbs energy calculated from Wendling-Suter model. For PHGP and PHPA, the comonomer units have better miscibility in the case of the incorporation of shorter unit into the longer unit crystal than the opposite case. By contrast, in the case of PHGA, the HG and HA units are perfectly miscible in a same crystal lattice with only a little difference in crystal cell dimensions due to the identity of chain conformation of HG and HA units during packing into the crystal lattice. Finally, a model of crystal lattice structure of copolyesters was proposed to better understand the difference in cocrystallization miscibility effect of comonomers between isodimorphism and isomorphism.

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“…The molecular weight distribution broadened and polydispersity increased as the DDP amount increased, which indicated that there existed both high and low molecular weight molecules . The reason for the reduction of molecular weight as the incorporation of DDP was due to the biphenyl configuration of DDP had a large steric effect, which subsequently reduce the reactivity of functional end groups and hinder further propagation . As a result, the viscosity decreased.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a kind of 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide derivatives, 9,10‐dihydro‐10‐[2,3‐di(hydroxycarbonyl)propyl]‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DDP) is an environmentally friendly bifunctional reactive molecule containing the phosphorus linking pendent group, which can be chemically linked onto the polymer chain as a monomer in the polymerization system. DDP has now been used as flame retardant especially in polyesters because of its efficient flame retardancy, lower toxic gas evolution during the combustion . Zhang et al synthesized DDP flame retardant unsaturated polyester resin and resulted in a significant reduction of flammability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterizations of inherent flame retarded polyamide 66 containing the phosphorus linking pendent group

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2017

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Polyamide 66 (PA66) containing the phosphorus linking pendent group with inherent flame retardancy property was prepared by condensation polymerization of hexamethylene diammonium adipate (AH salt) and 9,10-dihydro-10-[2,3-di(hydroxycarbonyl)propyl]-10phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DDP) as a co-monomer. Prior to condensation polymerization, DDP was reacted with hexamethylene diamine (HMDA), which made DDP easier to react with AH salt. Then, the DDP-HMDA was introduced into AH salt solution to prepare inherent flame retarded PA66 (FRPA66). Fourier transform infrared spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, tensile test, vertical burning test, limiting oxygen index test, cone calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy were utilized to investigate the properties of FRPA66.Experimental results indicated that the bulky pendent phosphorus group tended to destroy the structure regularity of FRPA66 and the molecular weight, crystallinity, and thermal stability reduced. The tensile strength of FRPA66 containing 5 wt% of DDP was 58.44 MPa, and it can achieve a V-0 rating according to the vertical burning test with the limiting oxygen index value of 33.2%. This indicated that the inherent flame retarded PA66 expanded the application of PA66 materials.

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Poly(hexamethylene succinate) copolyesters containing phosphorus pendent group: Retarded crystallization and solid-state microstructure

Cited by 25 publications

References 57 publications

Phosphorus‐Containing Polymer Flame Retardants for Aliphatic Polyesters

Phosphorus‐Containing Polymer Flame Retardants for Aliphatic Polyesters

Unique isodimorphism and isomorphism behaviors of even-odd poly(hexamethylene dicarboxylate) aliphatic copolyesters

Preparation and characterizations of inherent flame retarded polyamide 66 containing the phosphorus linking pendent group

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