Poly(Lactic Acid)-Based Graft Copolymers: Syntheses Strategies and Improvement of Properties for Biomedical and Environmentally Friendly Applications: A Review

Coudane, Jean; Mouton, Julia; Garric, Xavier; Nottelet, Benjamin

doi:10.3390/molecules27134135

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 103 publications

(161 reference statements)

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“…Consequently, the manufacture of polymers from renewable sources has become an attractive solution, and over the years it has shown exponential growth towards sustainability. [120][121][122][123][124][125][126] Polymers are materials that present great diversity and versatility and, for this reason, provide technological advances, energy-saving and other benefits to society through the production of a wide range of products. [127][128][129] It is well-known that there is a growing awareness of the use of eco-friendly polymers for food packaging applications.…”

Section: Food Packaging: the Importance Of Biodegradable Polymers As ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer blends of poly(lactic acid) and starch for the production of films applied in food packaging: A brief review

Silva

Rios

Santana

2023

Polymers from Renewable Resources

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The limited degradation of synthetic polymers used in food packaging when discarded in the environment is a major concern for society. Therefore, industry and academia have sought to develop biodegradable and eco-friendly materials for single-use in packaging. An interesting alternative for the food industry is biodegradable polymeric films, which is why different biopolymers have been used in the production of sustainable packaging. It is worth mentioning that the use of biodegradable polymers is one of the most successful innovations in the industry to address issues related to the environment. Among the available raw materials, starch extracted from different renewable sources is very promising for this purpose, due to its abundance, low-cost compared to other polymers and ability to produce non-toxic films. However, when used alone, pure starch has many limitations, which can be overcome by developing a mixture with other polymers (polymer blends), preferably from renewable and biodegradable sources, such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA). In this context, the absence of literature reviews evidencing the results of the application of films in foods led us to write this article, given the importance of polymer blends produced with different types of starch (cassava, corn, pea, potato, rice and wheat) and the PLA matrix. According to the results, it is clear that polymer blends based on PLA/Starch for food packaging are very promising, already being part of the industries solutions, aiming to minimize the large volume of plastic waste of petrochemical origin discarded in nature. Obviously, as with any technology, more research is needed to further improve the performance of the films, and while much research has made great strides, there are still limitations that prevent the commercialization of these materials.

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Section: Food Packaging: the Importance Of Biodegradable Polymers As ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer blends of poly(lactic acid) and starch for the production of films applied in food packaging: A brief review

Silva

Rios

Santana

2023

Polymers from Renewable Resources

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“…Polylactide (PLA), a biodegradable polyester obtained by the synthesis of lactic acid produced via the fermentation of carbohydrate crops, has a good tensile strength and stiffness compared to general commercial polymers. Therefore, PLA is widely used as a packaging material, such as high−value films, coated paper packaging, and food and beverage containers [ 4 , 5 ]. However, the use of PLA has several limitations: they are brittle, possess a low impact resistance, and are costly [ 4 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of LNR-g-MMA on the Mechanical Properties and Lifetime Estimation of PLA/PP Blends

2023

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Polylactide (PLA) polymer, polypropylene (PP) polymer, and a PLA/PP (70:30 wt%) blend, with liquid natural rubber-−graft−methyl methacrylate (LNR−g−MMA) of 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 phr as compatibilizers, were prepared by internal mixing and compression molding. The effect of LNR-g-MMA content on the morphology, mechanical properties, water absorption, thermal degradation, and a lifetime of blends based on PLA and PP was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the PLA/PP blend underwent phase separation, and the presence of LNR−g−MMA in the PLA/PP blend showed a more homogenized and refined blend morphology. Hence, the addition of LNR−g−MMA was used as a compatibilizer to induce miscibility in the PLA/PP blend. The values of tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact strength of the polymer blends increased, whereas water absorption values decreased with increased LNR−g−MMA content. Thermal degradation kinetics was studied over a temperature range of 50–800 °C with multiple heating rates. The results demonstrated that the thermal stability of blends without LNR-g-MMA was greater than that of blends with LNR−g−MMA and that the thermal stability decreased with increasing LNR−g−MMA content. The activation energy (Ea) was calculated by using the Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose method. The Ea value of PLA was much lower than that of PP, and incorporating PP in the PLA matrix increased the Ea. The addition of LNR−g−MMA to the PLA/PP blend decreased the Ea. The lifetime of PLA/PP blends was reduced with the addition of LNR−g−MMA.

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“…Specific structures such as star PCLs [ 17 , 18 ] or cyclic PCLs [ 19 , 20 ] are also described. The attachment of functional groups along an aliphatic polyester backbone, especially on PLA, is highly desirable to tailor properties such as crystallinity, hydrophilicity, mechanical properties, biodegradation rate, bioadhesion, and more generally biological activity [ 21 ]. In the same way, pending functional groups on the PCL backbone can be used to covalently attach polymer chains of biological interest to give PCL-based graft copolymers that are the focus of this review.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(ε-caprolactone)-Based Graft Copolymers: Synthesis Methods and Applications in the Biomedical Field: A Review

et al. 2022

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Synthetic biopolymers are attractive alternatives to biobased polymers, especially because they rarely induce an immune response in a living organism. Poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) is a well-known synthetic aliphatic polyester universally used for many applications, including biomedical and environmental ones. Unlike poly lactic acid (PLA), PCL has no chiral atoms, and it is impossible to play with the stereochemistry to modify its properties. To expand the range of applications for PCL, researchers have investigated the possibility of grafting polymer chains onto the PCL backbone. As the PCL backbone is not functionalized, it must be first functionalized in order to be able to graft reactive groups onto the PCL chain. These reactive groups will then allow the grafting of new reagents and especially new polymer chains. Grafting of polymer chains is mainly carried out by “grafting from” or “grafting onto” methods. In this review we describe the main structures of the graft copolymers produced, their different synthesis methods, and their main characteristics and applications, mainly in the biomedical field.

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Poly(Lactic Acid)-Based Graft Copolymers: Syntheses Strategies and Improvement of Properties for Biomedical and Environmentally Friendly Applications: A Review

Cited by 23 publications

References 103 publications

Polymer blends of poly(lactic acid) and starch for the production of films applied in food packaging: A brief review

Polymer blends of poly(lactic acid) and starch for the production of films applied in food packaging: A brief review

Effect of LNR-g-MMA on the Mechanical Properties and Lifetime Estimation of PLA/PP Blends

Poly(ε-caprolactone)-Based Graft Copolymers: Synthesis Methods and Applications in the Biomedical Field: A Review

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