Poly(lactic acid)‐based nanocomposites

Basu, Arijit; Nazarkovsky, Michael; Ghadi, Rohan; Khan, Wahid; Domb, Abraham J.

doi:10.1002/pat.3985

Cited by 65 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 120 publications

(185 reference statements)

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“…Organoclay nanoplatelets with large surface area, high aspect ratio and high stiffness are usually added into PLA to improve the crystallization, mechanical, thermal, barrier and flame retardance properties significantly 13‐16 . This process is often done through melt blending since this practical method requires no solvent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale analysis on multiextruded poly(lactic acid)/organoclay nanocomposites: Insights into the underlying mechanisms of thermomechanical degradation

Chen

et al. 2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Due to the growing market and the relatively high price of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), the possibility to recycle PLA has attracted a tremendous attention, aiming to reduce the environmental impact related to the life cycle of PLA-based products. However, the comprehensive structural and properties changes of PLA and PLA/clay nanocomposites induced by reprocessing are still not clear. In this work, PLA and its organoclay nanocomposites (PCN5) were subjected to repeated extrusion for 1 and 4 cycles to reveal their recycling characteristics by the observation of the changes in the microstructure, thermal and mechanical properties. Gel permeation chromatography, rheology and morphology analyses were utilized to deeply explore effects of the cycle number on the evolution of chemical structures and clay dispersion. It is found that reprocessing leads to a significant reduction in the weight average molecular mass of PLA by 24.0% and of PCN5 by 37.3%, whereas a more uniform dispersion of clay and a stronger clay-polymer interaction are also found after reprocessing. A direct correlation between the molecular chain scission and deterioration of thermal/ mechanical properties is observed both for PLA and PCN5 subjected to reprocessing cycles. The crystallization rate of PLA is suppressed by the addition of clay, while is accelerated by clay after their processing. Additionally, the presence of clay is found to reduce the differences in the thermal stability between the samples reprocessed after 1 and 4 cycles, which is ascribed to the competition between intensive chain scission and better dispersion of clay in the PLA matrix.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale analysis on multiextruded poly(lactic acid)/organoclay nanocomposites: Insights into the underlying mechanisms of thermomechanical degradation

Chen

et al. 2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…Different routes have been reported to overcome these issues where the addition of particles into PLA to produce composite materials is one of the most used. Different kind of particles had been used such as fibres and micro and nanoparticles …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different kind of particles had been used such as fibres 5 and micro and nanoparticles. 6,7 Among the diverse particles used in these compositesgraphene derivatives (GD) such as graphene nanoplatelets (GNP), exfoliated graphite (EG), graphene oxide (GO), or reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-have emerged as an alternative due to their exciting properties recently. 8 The addition of GD can improve some physical properties of a polymer matrix such as electrical and thermal conductivities, or mechanical behavior, among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(lactic acid) composites based on graphene oxide particles with antibacterial behavior enhanced by electrical stimulus and biocompatibility

Arriagada

Palza

Palma

et al. 2017

J Biomedical Materials Res

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Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable and biocompatible polyester widely used in biomedical applications. Unfortunately, this biomaterial suffers from some shortcomings related with the absence of both bioactivity and antibacterial capacity. In this work, composites of PLA with either graphene oxide (GO) or thermally reduced graphene oxide (TrGO) were prepared by melt mixing to overcome these limitations. PLA composites with both GO and TrGO inhibited the attachment and proliferation of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria depending on the kind and amount of filler. Noteworthy, it is shown that by applying an electrical stimulus to the percolated PLA/TrGO, the antibacterial behavior can be dramatically increased. MTT analysis showed that while all the PLA/GO composites were more cytocompatible to osteoblast-like cells (SaOS-2) than pure PLA, only low content of TrGO was able to increase this property. These tendencies were related with changes in the surface properties of the resulting polymer composites, such as polarity and roughness. In this way, the addition of GO and TrGO into a PLA matrix allows the development of multifunctional composites for potential applications in biomedicine. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1051-1060, 2018.

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“…Various kinds of fillers such as organo‐modified montmorillonite (OMMT), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), calcium carbonate, silica, and carbon fullerenes are used to enhance the thermomechanical properties of PLA. Although, OMMTs and carbon nanotubes worked well with PLA, the formers need special organic treatments to get exfoliated, while the latters are expensive and are detrimental to the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(lactic acid)/(styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene)‐g‐maleic anhydride copolymer/sepiolite nanocomposites: Investigation of thermo‐mechanical and morphological properties

Nehra

Maiti

Jacob

2017

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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In this study, sepiolite nanoclay is used as reinforcing agent for poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/(styreneethylene-butylene-styrene)-g-maleic anhydride copolymer (SEBS-g-MA) 90/10 (w/w) blend.Effects of sepiolite on thermal behavior, morphology, and thermomechanical properties of PLA/SEBS-g-MA blend were investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry results showed 7% improvement in crystallinity at 0.5 wt% of sepiolite. The nanocomposite exhibited approximately 36% increase in the tensile modulus and 17% increase in toughness as compared with the blend matrix at 0.5 and 2.5 wt% of sepiolite respectively. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images exhibited sepiolite-induced morphological changes and dispersion of sepiolite in both PLA and SEBS-g-MA phases. Dynamic mechanical analysis and wide angle X-ray diffraction present evidences in support of the reinforcing nature of sepiolite and phase interaction between the filler and the matrix. This study confirms that sepiolite can improve tensile modulus and toughness of PLA/SEBS-g-MA blend. Biobased polymers have received a great deal of attention because they minimize the use of petrochemical resources and are superior in eco-friendliness. 1 The poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable polyester with high tensile strength and modulus. However, because of its brittleness, low thermal stability, and tensile toughness, neat PLA is limited in applications. Properly modified PLA can be used in many applications like food packaging, textile, electronics, surgical sutures, drug delivery systems, and transport and building. [2][3][4][5] Techniques such as plasticization, copolymerization, and blending are used to deal with the drawbacks of PLA. Blending is a feasible option compared with other techniques because of its cost effectiveness and minimum trade-off in properties. Blending with a thermoplastic elastomer like SEBS can be an effective way to toughen PLA. The SEBS is widely used in commercial applications such as sealants, footwear, coatings, 6 automotive parts, adhesives, temperature sensors, 7 and wire insulation. Sangeetha et al 8 reported that impact strength was higher in PLA/SEBS-g-MA blends than that in PLA/SEBS, which may be due to the interaction between maleic anhydride groups in SEBS-g-MA and carbonyl groups of PLA. SEBS-g-MA copolymer is used to toughen many polymers such as polypropylene (PP), 9 high density polyethylene, 10 nylon-6, 11 nylon-6,6 12 and PLA. 8,[13][14][15] reported that SEBS-g-MA is an effective impact modifier for PP/PLA blends. However, tensile modulus and strength decreased.Various kinds of fillers such as organo-modified montmorillonite (OMMT), [16][17][18][19] carbon nanotubes (CNTs), 20-22 calcium carbonate, [23][24][25] silica, 26-28 and carbon fullerenes 29,30 are used to enhance the thermomechanical properties of PLA. Although, OMMTs and carbon nanotubes worked well with PLA, the formers need special organic treatments to get exfoliated, while the latters are expensive and are detrimen...

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Poly(lactic acid)‐based nanocomposites

Cited by 65 publications

References 120 publications

Multiscale analysis on multiextruded poly(lactic acid)/organoclay nanocomposites: Insights into the underlying mechanisms of thermomechanical degradation

Multiscale analysis on multiextruded poly(lactic acid)/organoclay nanocomposites: Insights into the underlying mechanisms of thermomechanical degradation

Poly(lactic acid) composites based on graphene oxide particles with antibacterial behavior enhanced by electrical stimulus and biocompatibility

Poly(lactic acid)/(styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene)‐g‐maleic anhydride copolymer/sepiolite nanocomposites: Investigation of thermo‐mechanical and morphological properties

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