Poly(vinyl alcohol) and Functionalized Ionic Liquid-Based Smart Hydrogels for Doxorubicin Release

Abstract

Limitations associated with the traditional cancer therapies prompt the scientific community to develop an effective, safer, smarter and targeted drug carriers that improve the efficiency of the drug carrier, reduce the adverse effects of the drug on the healthy cells, and helps in preventing the cancer recurrences. This research aims to design a stimuli-responsive, self-healable, adhesive, and injectable polymeric hydrogel with ester functionalized ionic liquid (ILs) as one of the additives to improve the efficiency of the anti-cancer drug in encapsulation and localized delivery. The designed polymeric hydrogel responds to intracellular biological stimuli (e.g. acidic pH of cancerous cells and temperature), change the morphology through changing the shape and size of the gelator within the hydrogel matrix and release the encapsulated doxorubicin (DOX) at the tumor site efficiently. Molecular interactions, gel morphology, and mechanical strength of the hydrogel were characterized through various analytical techniques, including small angle neutron scattering (SANS). Adhesive properties of the polymeric hydrogel were measured by lap-shear strength tests and biocompatibility and cellular drug uptake study on human breast cancer (MCF-7) and human cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa). The in-vitro cytotoxicity and drug release study showed that the hybrid hydrogel is more effective at killing the cancerous cells, and the targeted release of the DOX occurred at intracellular acidic pH. The polymeric hydrogel provides an efficient therapeutic approach for the encapsulation and release of the drug. Overall, the study offers a proof of 2 | P a g e concept to test the feasibility of the hydrogel system whether the hydrogel formulation helped or hindered the total cellular DOX trafficking.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Cerium oxide nanoparticle-loaded polyvinyl alcohol nanogels delivery for wound healing care systems on surgery

“…In our previous studies, the Ce-nGel-Glu dressings exhibited higher antibacterial activity with both microbes compared to Ce-nGel. The bacterial property of Ce-nGel-Glu was reduced by the presence of free Ce-nGel (Ali & Ahmed, 2018;Hsu et al, 2020;Kuddushi et al, 2020). The outcomes of cell viability established that Cerium (positive control) and Ce-nGel (control) did not demonstrate any harm on days 1, 3, and 7 in development with NIH-3T3 fibroblasts (Figure 6(B)).…”

Poly(vinyl alcohol) Hydrogels: The Old and New Functional Materials

“…As can be seen in Figure 4(a), PEG/PVA hydrogel system could perform stable releasing of aspirin under different pH buffer solutions [50]. Such materials are investigated for certain cancer treatment and localized delivery [59,66,67]. Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by glucose, protein, fat, and other metabolic disorders that occur due to hypofunction of islets and insufficient insulin secretion [68], and glycerol adjusted PVA hydrogel with a long-acting effect was reported for the released of insulin [69].…”

Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants: Recent Advances in Their Syntheses, Solution Properties, and Applications

“…ILBSs have been explored in various fields, including chemical synthesis and catalysis [ 165 , 166 , 167 , 168 , 169 , 170 ], drug delivery [ 171 , 172 , 173 , 174 , 175 , 176 , 177 ], biomass conversion [ 178 , 179 , 180 , 181 , 182 , 183 ], liquid crystal development [ 184 , 185 , 186 ], decontamination [ 187 , 188 , 189 , 190 , 191 , 192 , 193 ] and formation and stabilization of metal NPs [ 61 , 194 , 194 , 195 , 196 , 197 , 198 , 199 , 200 , 201 , 202 , 203 , 204 , 205 , 206 , 207 , 208 , 209 , 210 , 211 , 212 , 213 …”