Key indicators: single-crystal X-ray study; T = 200 K; mean (C-C) = 0.006 Å; R factor = 0.046; wR factor = 0.075; data-to-parameter ratio = 12.3.In the structure of the title salt, [Rb 2 (C 7 H 5 N 2 O 4 ) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] n , the asymmetric unit comprises two independent and different seven-coordinate Rb + cations, one forming an RbO 7 polyhedron, the other a RbO 6 N polyhedron, each of which is considerably distorted. The RbO 7 polyhedron comprises bridging O-atom donors from two water molecules, three carboxylate groups, and two nitro groups. The RbO 6 N polyhedron comprises the two bridging water molecules, one monodentate amine N-atom donor, one carboxyl O-atom donor and three O-atom donors from nitro groups (one from the chelate bridge). The extension of the dinuclear unit gives a three-dimensional polymeric structure which is stabilized by both intra-and intermolecular amine N-HÁ Á ÁO and water O-HÁ Á ÁO hydrogen bonds to carboxyl and water O-atom acceptors, as well as a number of inter-ring -interactions [minimum centroid-centroid separation = 3.364 (2) Å ]. The title salt is isostructural with the analogous caesium salt.