Polyamide membranes with nanoscale Turing structures for water purification

Tan, Zhe Hua; Chen, Shengfu; Peng, Xinsheng; Zhang, Lin; Gao, Congjie

doi:10.1126/science.aar6308

Cited by 1,206 publications

(622 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Material design using phenomena out of equilibrium, diffusion, and chemical patterns is currently a popular trend in material science since nonequilibrium (NE) phenomena give rise to emergent properties and higher levels of complexity . In a sense, materials formed during NE processes carry the information of the chemical pathway of the NE phenomenon and therefore, have sensing and environment tracking abilities.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mechanical Control of Periodic Precipitation in Stretchable Gels to Retrieve Information on Elastic Deformation and for the Complex Patterning of Matter

et al. 2020

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Material design using nonequilibrium systems provides straightforward access to complexity levels that are possible through dynamic processes. Pattern formation through nonequilibrium processes and reaction–diffusion can be used to achieve this goal. Liesegang patterns (LPs) are a kind of periodic precipitation patterns formed through reaction–diffusion. So far, it has been shown that the periodic band structure of LPs and the geometry of the pattern can be controlled by experimental conditions and external fields (e.g., electrical or magnetic). However, there are no examples of these systems being used to retrieve information about the changes in the environment as they form, and there are no studies making use of these patterns for complex material preparation. This work shows the formation of LPs by a diffusion–precipitation reaction in a stretchable hydrogel and the control of the obtained patterns by the unprecedented and uncommon method of mechanical input. Additionally, how to use this protocol and how deviations from “LP behavior” of the patterns can be used to “write and store” information about the time, duration, extent, and direction of gel deformation are presented. Finally, an example of using complex patterning to deposit polypyrrole by using precipitation patterns is shown as a template.

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confidence: 99%

Mechanical Control of Periodic Precipitation in Stretchable Gels to Retrieve Information on Elastic Deformation and for the Complex Patterning of Matter

et al. 2020

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“…As former characterizations illustrated, the increase in permeation of the NF‐PA‐PPTA/PMIA was far below than that of the supporting membranes because the main resistance of the filtration came from the TFC functional layer, and the TFC functional layer which with rougher and thinner was beneficial for the higher flux. Furthermore, the higher flux of the TFC NF membranes can be obtained if the supporting membranes own a higher flux too 47. Figure 10 (Right) shows the salt retention of the prepared NF membranes, which indicated that the salt retention was in the order of Na 2 SO 4 > MgSO 4 > MgCl 2 > NaCl as common piperazine polyamide TFC NF membranes shown.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The TFC NF membranes with the pure PMIA supporting membrane and PPTA/PMIA 8, PPTA/PMIA 16 supporting membranes showed the typical modular structures mainly resulted from the cross‐linking reaction between the PIP and TMC, and the modular structures distributed uniformly on the top and valley of the CPs and the surface of the substrates. However, it is worth mentioning that both modular structure and Turing Structure 47 were formed on the TFC NF membrane when the PPTA/PMIA 32 membrane used as the substrate. And as clearly shown, the CPs were covered by modular structure and surrounded by Turing Structure .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the higher flux of the TFC NF membranes can be obtained if the supporting membranes own a higher flux too. [47] Figure 10 (Right) shows the salt retention of the prepared NF membranes, which indicated that the salt retention was in the order of Na 2 SO 4 > MgSO 4 > MgCl 2 > NaCl as common piperazine polyamide TFC NF membranes shown. Moreover, the retentions of Na 2 SO 4 and MgSO 4 were over 98% and 97%, respectively, while the retention of MgCl 2 and NaCl were about 60% and 50%.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Tfc Nf Membranes Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Feasible Preparation of a Thin‐Film Composite Nanofiltration (TFC NF) Membrane with Enhanced Skin–Substrate Adhesion and Compaction Resistance: In Situ Construction of Rigid–Flexible Polymer Composited Microspheres (CPs) in the Casting Solution

Lian

Xie

Shi

et al. 2020

Macro Materials & Eng

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Novel microspheres (CPs) composited by rigid and flexible polymers are synthesized and embedded in the supporting membranes to enhance both the skin–substrate adhesion and compaction resistance of the thin‐film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes. The CPs are in situ formed in the casting solution after the rigid poly(p‐phenylene terephthamide) (PPTA) is produced in the flexible poly(m‐phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA) solution. Then the PPTA/PMIA in situ blending membranes are prepared by using the NIPs method, and the TFC NF membranes are fabricated via interfacial polymerization on them. The CPs are characterized via polarizing microscopy and TEM. The surface morphology and chemical composition of the blended membranes are characterized by using FESEM, AFM, FTIR, and WCA, respectively. As the results show, the supporting membrane with higher PPTA content exhibits higher permeability, thermal stability, and compaction resistance. Moreover, the adhesion strength between the TFC functional layer and the supporting membrane is improved significantly. It is proposed that this improvement can be attributed to the CPs that are exposed on the top surface of the supporting membrane, which leads to a great enhancement because of the anchoring effect between the functional layer and the CPs.

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“…It is well known that the reaction between organic amine and acid chloride is a typical interfacial polymerization reaction, which is a reaction‐diffusion process far from thermodynamic equilibrium . It is known from our previous studies that the microcapsules still have wrinkles to some degree when there is no fluid flow .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controllable Enhancement of Capsule‐Membrane Wrinkles by Flow Shear and Preparation of Double‐Layer Polyamide Microcapsules

Hadji

Shi

et al. 2019

ChemistrySelect

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Monodisperse wrinkled polyamide microcapsules with a size of 480 μm‐750 μm are prepared by tubular microfluidics. The wrinkling, which results from the combined action of heterogeneous interface polymerization and shearing force, can be measured and calculated by solvent soaking. Controllable enhancement of capsule‐membrane wrinkles could be achieved by increasing flow rate or viscosity of the fluid in microchannels. In addition, double‐layer polyamide microcapsules were prepared by taking use of the permeability and the wrinkle morphology of the microcapsule membrane. The double shells of polyamide microcapsules were synthesized by two steps: (i) interface polymerization in continuous microfluidics for the first shell and (ii) wet chemical synthesis for the second shell. The double‐layer polyamide microcapsules have better strength than simple polyamide microcapsules during drying testing and the water inside the double‐layer polyamide microcapsules can be released and absorbed repeatedly. Therefore, the double‐layer polyamide microcapsules can be used as the carrier of both the hydrophilic ingredient and hydrophobic ingredient. The results obtained in this paper will have some potential applications in some fields like printing, dyeing and drug delivery.

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Polyamide membranes with nanoscale Turing structures for water purification

Cited by 1,206 publications

References 34 publications

Mechanical Control of Periodic Precipitation in Stretchable Gels to Retrieve Information on Elastic Deformation and for the Complex Patterning of Matter

Mechanical Control of Periodic Precipitation in Stretchable Gels to Retrieve Information on Elastic Deformation and for the Complex Patterning of Matter

Feasible Preparation of a Thin‐Film Composite Nanofiltration (TFC NF) Membrane with Enhanced Skin–Substrate Adhesion and Compaction Resistance: In Situ Construction of Rigid–Flexible Polymer Composited Microspheres (CPs) in the Casting Solution

Controllable Enhancement of Capsule‐Membrane Wrinkles by Flow Shear and Preparation of Double‐Layer Polyamide Microcapsules

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