Polyamine Metabolism

Tiburcio, Antonio F.; Kaur‐Sawhney, Ravindar; Galston, Arthur W.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-092616-2.50013-9

Cited by 117 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 296 publications

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“…ADC activity is also present in tomato ovaries at a lower level than ODC and increases after pollination (Teitel et al, 1985). Data obtained in tobacco (Slocum and Galston, 1985) support the idea that ODC is the primary enzyme in the regulation of putrescine biosynthesis during initial fruit growth that is associated with cell division (Tiburcio et al, 1990).…”

supporting

confidence: 68%

“…ODC activity was first correlated with cell division in tomato (Heimer et al, 1979) and with fruit development in tobacco (Slocum and Galston, 1985). In general, it has been suggested that changes in ODC may play a role in cell division, whereas ADC may be involved in cell expansion and secondary metabolism (Tiburcio et al, 1990). However, both ADC and ODC activities showed a transient increase, especially after 2,4-D treatment, whereas a small and delayed increase was observed after GA, treatment.…”

Section: Arginase Adc and O D C In Unpollinated Ovaries And Young Fmentioning

confidence: 83%

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Arginase, Arginine Decarboxylase, Ornithine Decarboxylase, and Polyamines in Tomato Ovaries (Changes in Unpollinated Ovaries and Parthenocarpic Fruits Induced by Auxin or Gibberellin)

et al. 1996

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Arginase (EC 3.5.3.1) activity has been found in the ovaries and young fruits of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv Rutgers). Changes in arginase, arginine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.1 9), and ornithine decarboxylase activity (EC 4.1 .I .17) and levels of free and conjugated putrescine, spermidine, and spermine were determined in unpollinated ovaries and in parthenocarpic fruits during the early stages of development induced by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or gibberellic acid (CA,). Levels of arginase, free spermine, and conjugates of the three polyamines were constant in unpollinated ovaries and characteristic of a presenescent step. A marked decrease in arginase activity, free spermine, and polyamine conjugates was associated with the initiation of fruit growth due to cell division, and when cell expansion was initiated, the absence of arginase indicated a redirection of nitrogen metabolism to the synthesis of arginine. A transient increase in arginine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase was also observed in 2,4-D-induced fruits. In general, 2,4-D treatments produced faster changes than CA,, and without treatment, unpollinated ovaries developed only slightly and senescence was hardly visible. Sensitivity to 2,4-D and CA, treatment remained for at least 2 weeks postanthesis.

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supporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Arginase Adc and O D C In Unpollinated Ovaries And Young Fmentioning

confidence: 83%

Arginase, Arginine Decarboxylase, Ornithine Decarboxylase, and Polyamines in Tomato Ovaries (Changes in Unpollinated Ovaries and Parthenocarpic Fruits Induced by Auxin or Gibberellin)

et al. 1996

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“…These results suggest enhanced production and secretion of Spm to the spaces in lesion-formed leaves but not leakage from disrupted cells. For the last possibility, it is also likely that increased Spm could be converted to conjugated forms such as hydroxycinnamic acid amides (for review, see Tiburcio et al, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spermine Is a Salicylate-Independent Endogenous Inducer for Both Tobacco Acidic Pathogenesis-Related Proteins and Resistance against Tobacco Mosaic Virus Infection

et al. 1998

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Intercellular spaces are often the first sites invaded by pathogens. In the spaces of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-infected and necrotic lesion-forming tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) leaves, we found that an inducer for acidic pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins was accumulated. The induction activity was recovered in gel-filtrated fractions of low molecular mass with a basic nature, into which authentic spermine (Spm) was eluted. We quantified polyamines in the intercellular spaces of the necrotic lesion-forming leaves and found 20-fold higher levels of free Spm than in healthy leaves. Among several polyamines tested, exogenously supplied Spm induced acidic PR-1 gene expression. Immunoblot analysis showed that Spm treatment increased not only acidic PR-1 but also acidic PR-2, PR-3, and PR-5 protein accumulation. Treatment of healthy tobacco leaves with salicylic acid (SA) caused no significant increase in the level of endogenous Spm, and Spm did not increase the level of endogenous SA, suggesting that induction of acidic PR proteins by Spm is independent of SA. The size of TMV-induced local lesions was reduced by Spm treatment. These results indicate that Spm accumulates outside of cells after lesion formation and induces both acidic PR proteins and resistance against TMV via a SA-independent signaling pathway.

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“…The occurrence of cinnamic acid amides of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine in higher plants has been extensively studied (1 1, 12,15). However, the enzymes involved in the synthesis of these amides have only recently been characterized in tobacco callus (9,10) and cell suspensions (7).…”

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification and Properties of Putrescine Hydroxycinnamoyl Transferase from Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Cell Suspensions

Négrel¹,

Paynot²,

Javelle³

1992

Plant Physiol.

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The enzyme putrescine hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (PHT) was purified 400-fold in 7.1% yield from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Xanthi) cell suspensions to a final specific activity of 45 nanokatal per milligram protein. The purification procedure involved conventional chromatography techniques (anion exchange chromatography, gel permeation, and hydroxylapatite chromatography) followed by chromatography on caffeoyl-cysteamine-Sepharose. This procedure led to considerable enrichment of a 50 kilodalton protein that could be further purified to near homogeneity by chromatofocalization (apparent isoelectric point = 8). PHT activity was repeatedly found associated with this protein, although approximately 66% of the enzymic activity was lost during chromatofocalization. Purified PHT exhibited the same properties as in the unpurified extract. It was not specific for putrescine and used other aliphatic diamines (mainly diaminopropane and cadaverine) as substrates. The most efficient phenolic substrate was caffeoyl-CoA, but cinnamoyl-, feruloyl-, sinapoyl-, and p-coumaroyl-CoA were also conjugated to putrescine, in decreasing order of activity. PHT could also use the artificial substrate p-fluorocinnamoyl-CoA.active in tobacco cells grown in liquid medium (7) offered an opportunity to achieve the complete purification of the protein because large-scale cultivation oftobacco cell suspensions can be readily performed. Moreover, PHT activity can be rapidly monitored in enzymic extracts spectrophotometrically (9). We report here a simple procedure leading to a 400-fold purification of PHT from tobacco cell suspensions and we show that, after purification, PHT exhibits the properties of a true diamine hydroxycinnamoyl transferase, i.e. that a single enzyme can conjugate the diamines putrescine, cadaverine, and diaminopropane to various hydroxycinnamic acids. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant MaterialSuspension cultures of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Xanthi, TX1 cell line) were grown in Murashige and Skoog medium containing 2 mg/L 2,4-D. Cells were harvested by vacuum filtration and rinsed with a solution of 1 mM EDTA and 4 mm KCI at pH 5.7 before being frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80°C. Fifty milliliters (approximately 10 g fresh weight) of the suspension were transferred to 250 mL fresh medium at 1-week intervals.

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Polyamine Metabolism

Cited by 117 publications

References 296 publications

Arginase, Arginine Decarboxylase, Ornithine Decarboxylase, and Polyamines in Tomato Ovaries (Changes in Unpollinated Ovaries and Parthenocarpic Fruits Induced by Auxin or Gibberellin)

Arginase, Arginine Decarboxylase, Ornithine Decarboxylase, and Polyamines in Tomato Ovaries (Changes in Unpollinated Ovaries and Parthenocarpic Fruits Induced by Auxin or Gibberellin)

Spermine Is a Salicylate-Independent Endogenous Inducer for Both Tobacco Acidic Pathogenesis-Related Proteins and Resistance against Tobacco Mosaic Virus Infection

Purification and Properties of Putrescine Hydroxycinnamoyl Transferase from Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Cell Suspensions

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