Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions from motorcycles

Yang, Hsi-Hsien; Hsieh, Lien‐Te; Liu, Hsu-Chung; Mi, Hsiao-Hsuan

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.09.054

Cited by 100 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A similar PAH profile was reported for the coal combustion. 12,18 Compared with other emission sources, 26,38,39 the coal combustion emitted less 3-ring PAHs (44.6−70.6% of ∑PAHs) and more 4-ring PAHs (around 30%) than vehicle emission, in which 3-and 4-ring PAHs contributed 79.8−93.9% and 3.6−10.3% to ∑PAHs, respectively. Biomass burning emitted similar 4-ring PAHs but less 5-ring PAHs (1.9−7.18%) than coal combustion (7.57−15.8%).…”

Section: −1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission of PAHs, NPAHs and OPAHs from residential honeycomb coal briquette combustion

Huang

et al. 2014

Energy Fuels

115

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Coal combustion is one of the most significant sources of air pollution in China. In this study, emission factors (EFs) of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 26 nitrated PAHs (NPAHs) and 6 oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) were determined in five different coals with different geological maturity (vitrinite reflectance R O = 0.77−1.88%) burned in the form of honeycomb briquettes. The total EFs ranged from 9.82 to 215 mg kg −1 for PAHs, 0.14 to 1.88 mg kg −1 for NPAHs and 4.47 to 20.8 mg kg −1 for OPAHs. Measured EFs and gas-particle partitioning varied depending on the geological maturity. The lowest EFs were found in anthracite. The proportion of PAHs, NPAHs and OPAHs in gaseous phase increasing with increased geological maturity. The coal with higher geological maturity produced more 3-ring PAHs. On the basis of the statistical analysis for the residential sector of China in 2008, PAHs, NPAHs and OPAHs emitted from residential honeycomb coal briquettes were 4.36 Gg, 0.03 Gg and 0.47 Gg in 2007, respectively. By 2020, the emission would decrease to 2.18 Gg, 0.02 Gg and 0.24 Gg for PAHs, NPAHs and OPAHs due to the increasing usage of new energy resources. If only anthracite is used as the residential coal, 93% PAHs, 87% NPAHs and 71% OPAHs would be reduced in 2020.

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Section: −1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission of PAHs, NPAHs and OPAHs from residential honeycomb coal briquette combustion

Huang

et al. 2014

Energy Fuels

115

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“…Concentrations ranged from 29. 4 (Figure 2). Nap, Acy, Flu, Phe, Ant, Flt, and Pyr were detected in all 16 samples.…”

Section: Pahs In Air Samples Before and After Smokingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among these constituents are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are produced by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and other organic materials in vehicular emissions, incinerators, and factories [4]- [8]. PAHs are a group of chemicals composed of two or more fused benzenoid rings and known for their carcinogenic and mutagenic properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Formation During Smoking

Shimazu

Yata

Ozaki

2018

GEOMATE

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This study examines the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cigarettes and sidestream cigarette smoke. All 16 gas-phase PAHs and fourteen particulate-phase PAHs were determined in sidestream cigarette smoke for four brands of cigarettes. The median total of gas-phase and particulate-phase PAH concentrations after two cigarettes were smoked were 79.6 ng/m 3 and 10.0 ng/m 3 , and the concentrations were several times higher than before smoking. Median PAH increases in the air samples were 1050 ng per cigarette for gas-phase PAHs and 228 ng per cigarette for particulate-phase PAHs. Gasparticle partition coefficients (Kp) of PAHs in air samples before and after smoking were correlated with the subcooled liquid vapor pressures (PLº) of PAHs. The slopes of log-log plots of Kp versus PLº before and after smoking were -0.270 and -0.575, respectively. PAH partitioning between the gas and particle phases after smoking was closer to equilibrium state because the slope was closer to -1. Furthermore, all 16 PAHs were determined in the cigarettes. The medians of total PAH concentrations in the four brands of cigarettes were 353 ng/g before smoking and 1130 ng/g after smoking. Median PAH increase in the cigarette samples during smoking was 1410 ng per cigarette. The relationships in the concentration of the between total suspended particulate (TSP) and total particulate-phase PAHs, and between total gas-phase PAHs and total particulatephase PAHs were significantly positive. These findings imply that lowering the amount of TSP generated will lower the amounts of PAHs generated.

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“…Therefore, we can also find these materials for the collection of semi-volatile PAHs and nitro-PAHs in the gas phase of diesel exhaust, because they are inexpensive and easy to handle, store and transport. Different adsorbent resins, such as XAD-2 or XAD-16, coupled to PUF cartridges (making "sandwiches" cartridges) can be used to collect PAHs in the gaseous phase [53][54]. The gaseous PAHs can also be collected using an annular denuder coated with different sorbents: the first stage is coated with XAD-4 resin, the second stage collects the particulate matter and the third stage is composed of a "sandwich" of polyurethane foam plugs and XAD-4 resin, to assess the volatilisation of PAHs from particles [55].…”

Section: Collection Of the Gas Phasementioning

confidence: 99%