Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in infant formulae, follow-on formulae and baby foods available in the Polish market

PAHs concentration in heat-treated milk samples

“…Because the lactating cows are likely to intake varying quantities of contaminants from soil during grazing (Rychen, Jurjanz, Toussaint, & Feidt, 2008), PAHs can be transferred through the organism and excreted to milk due to their ability to cross blood mammary barrier . The quantity of PAHs secreted in milk would constitute a risk to human consumers (Luitz et al, 2006), especially for children (Ciecierska & Obiedzinski, 2010). In addition, the manufacturing and heating treatment of milk could cause PAHs formation, contributing to their concentration in pasteurized and UHT milk samples.…”

Evaluation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Circassian cheese by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

“…Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of over 200 different chemicals that are widespread environmental contaminants resulting from the incomplete combustion or pyrolysis of organic materials, during industrial processes and other human activities (Aygun and Kabadayi, 2005;Ciecierska and Obiedzinski, 2010;Ishizaki et al, 2010). They are characterized by two or more condensed aromatic rings (Anastasio et al, 2004;Lorenzo et al, 2010).…”

“…In animal-based foodstuffs, PAHs can originate not only from environmental deposition but also from thermal processing (Ciecierska and Obiedzinski, 2010;Guillen and Sopelana, 2003;Perello et al, 2009). Baking, frying, drying, grilling, roasting, toasting and smoking can contribute to PAH formation (Pagliuca et al, 2003;White et al, 2008).…”

Distribution and Health Hazards of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Egyptian Milk and Dairy-Based Products

“…Nearly 70% of the samples contained ACY, Flu, PYR, PHE and ANT. Ciecierska and Obiedziński obtained a similar profile for infant and follow-on formulas, where the predominant PAHs have a 3-ring structure [17]. Dairy products from the Nigerian market mainly contained 3-and 4-ring PAHs [18].…”