Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) from Coal Combustion: Emissions, Analysis, and Toxicology

Liu, Guijian; Niu, Zhiyuan; Niekerk, Daniel van; Xue, Jian; Zheng, Lu

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-71724-1_1

Cited by 170 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…Soil enrichment technique using mineral basal salts (MBS containing, per liter of distilled water, 1000 mg (NH 4 [5][6], and 1 mL of vitamin solution sterilized by filtration) medium supplemented with 0.2% phenanthrene was used as a carbon source for the isolation of PAH-degrading fungi, as described previusly by Hesham et al [14]. At the end of the enrichment process, fungal strains were isolated using MBS agar plates coated with phenanthrene as the sole carbon source [14,26].…”

Section: Enrichment and Isolation Of Pah-degrading Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Fusarium Solani Degrades a Mixture of Low and High Molecular Weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Hesham¹,

Elsayed²,

Mawad³

et al. 2017

TOBIOTJ

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Objectives:This study evaluates the ability of a non-white rot fungus strain, HESHAM-1, to degrade a mixture of low (naphthalene and phenanthrene) and high (chrysene and benzo(a)pyrene) molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (LMW and HMW PAHs). Methods:Strain HESHAM-1 was isolated from oil polluted soil by enrichment method using phenanthrene as the sole source of carbon and energy. The strain showed the ability to tolerate and degrade a mixture of both low and high molecular weight PAHs. In the presences of LMW-PAHs (naphthalene and phenanthrene) as co-substrate, chrysene and benzo(a)pyrene (HMW-PAHs) were, respectively degraded by the fungus strain HESHAM-1 which was confirmed by GC-MS analyses. Results:The degradation rate was found as 84.82% for naphthalene, 40.09% for phenanthrene, 57.84% for chrysene and 71.06% for benzo(a)pyrene at the end of 10 days. This is the first report describing the biodegradation of a mixture of four PAH compounds by non-white rot fungus strain HESHAM-1 isolated from Egyptian oil-polluted soil. The fungus strain HESHAM-1 was identified by morphological characteristics and molecular genetics technique based on PCR amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacers (ITSs) of the rDNA region and intervening 5.8S rRNA gene. Blast result and phylogenetic analysis of gene sequencing suggested that strain HESHAM-1 was closely related to Fusarium solani with 100% sequence identity. Conclusion:The present study clearly demonstrates that, strain HESHAM-1 could be used to remove the crude oil from the environment.

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Section: Enrichment and Isolation Of Pah-degrading Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Fusarium Solani Degrades a Mixture of Low and High Molecular Weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Hesham¹,

Elsayed²,

Mawad³

et al. 2017

TOBIOTJ

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“…During pyrolysis of raw coal, PAHs with two or three rings can evaporate from the solid phase. Besides volatilization, the PAHs can be formed during coke production by pyrolysis and pyrosynthesis (Liu et al 2008). The identification of hundreds of PAHs in coking wastewater demonstrated that coking wastewater was the important source of these compounds in the aquatic environment.…”

Section: Identification and Quantification Of Pahs In Coking Wastewatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in wastewater treatment processes from coke production plants

Zhang

Wei

Yan

et al. 2013

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Identification and removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated at two coke plants located in Shaoguan, Guangdong Province of China. Samples of raw coking wastewaters and wastewaters from subunits of a coke production plant were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to provide a detailed chemical characterization of PAHs. The identification and characterization of PAH isomers was based on a positive match of mass spectral data of sample peaks with those for PAH isomers in mass spectra databases with electron impact ionization mass spectra and retention times of internal reference compounds. In total, 270 PAH compounds including numerous nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur heteroatomic derivatives were positively identified for the first time. Quantitative analysis of target PAHs revealed that total PAH concentrations in coking wastewaters were in the range of 98.5±8.9 to 216±20.2 μg/L, with 3-4-ring PAHs as dominant compounds. Calculation of daily PAH output from four plant subunits indicated that PAHs in the coking wastewater came mainly from ammonia stripping wastewater.Coking wastewater treatment processes played an important role in removing PAHs in coking wastewater, successfully removing 92 % of the target compounds. However, 69 weakly polar compounds, including PAH isomers, were still discharged in the final effluent, producing 8.8±2.7 to 31.9±6.8 g/day of PAHs with potential toxicity to environmental waters. The study of coking wastewater herein proposed can be used to better predict improvement of coke production facilities and treatment conditions according to the identification and removal of PAHs in the coke plant as well as to assess risks associated with continuous discharge of these contaminants to receiving waters.

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“…China is considered to be a large energy consumer and the country's estimated coal reserve is the third largest in the world ([100 Gt) with over 75% electricity supply coming from coal combustion (Dai et al 2012;Liu et al 2008). The country is under serious aerosol pollution and facing regular haze events that deteriorated environmental quality becomes inevitable (Tao et al 2016;Tie and Cao 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elements in Fine Particulate Matter (PM $$_{2.5}$$ 2.5 ) from Indoor Air During Household Stoves Coal Combustion at Xuanwei, China

et al. 2017

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The characteristics of elements in fine particulate matter (PM 2:5 ) emitted during indoor coal combustion in Xuanwei were investigated. Lead (Pb) emissions were high among the trace elements at all sampling locations. The average Pb concentrations in ''Laibin'' samples were $ 1.5 time higher than ''non-Laibin'' samples and were statistically significantly difference (paired t test). Concentration ratios normalized to total suspended particles for the elements were also characterized and compared between the two types of locations. Element ratio (Se/S) values were different with another study, suggesting possible different composition characteristics of the samples in Xuanwei compared with other regions in China. These findings provide information about concentrations of elements in different types of coal samples emission during household coal combustion. There is a need to address the health effects of environmentally relevant doses of elements in fine particulate matter, considering life-long exposure of people in indoor dwellings.

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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) from Coal Combustion: Emissions, Analysis, and Toxicology

Cited by 170 publications

References 125 publications

Molecular Characterization of Fusarium Solani Degrades a Mixture of Low and High Molecular Weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Molecular Characterization of Fusarium Solani Degrades a Mixture of Low and High Molecular Weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Identification and removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in wastewater treatment processes from coke production plants

Elements in Fine Particulate Matter (PM $$_{2.5}$$ 2.5 ) from Indoor Air During Household Stoves Coal Combustion at Xuanwei, China

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