Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Mississippi Seafood from Areas Affected by the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

Xia, Kang; Hagood, Gale; Childers, Christina; Atkins, Jack; Rogers, Beth; Ware, Lee; Armbrust, Kevin L.; Jewell, Joe; Diaz, Dale; Gatian, Nick; Folmer, Henry

doi:10.1021/es2042433

Cited by 99 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…NRDA results are generally consistent with those found in other studies after the spill, where concentrations of oil components were elevated in wetland soil (Keevan 2012, Lin & Mendelssohn 2012, Turner et al 2014, Atlas et al 2015, submerged sediment (Floyd et al 2012, Sammarco et al 2013, nearshore surface water (Allan et al 2012, Sammarco et al 2013, and biological tissues (Xia et al 2012, Sammarco et al 2013. Two other studies did not find evidence of oil accumulation in oysters or other filter feeders after the spill (Carmichael et al 2012, Fry & Anderson 2014.…”

supporting

confidence: 87%

Integrated effects of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on nearshore ecosystems

Baker¹,

Steinhoff²,

Fricano³

2017

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The interconnected nearshore habitats of the northern Gulf of Mexico provide refuge and feeding opportunities for fish and wildlife, including open water, shoreline, and terrestrial species. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill natural resource damage assessment documented injury as a result of the oiling of over 2113 km (1300 miles) of shoreline over an 87 d release from the wellhead. Field and laboratory studies indicate that oil degraded the health of coastal marsh vegetation and associated fauna, resulted in the loss of nearshore oyster cover, and increased erosion of oiled marsh edge habitat over approximately 174 km (108 miles) of shoreline. Sand beach habitat, submersed aquatic vegetation, and subtidal oysters were injured by a combination of oiling and response actions. The loss of billions of oysters resulted in failed recruitment over several years in the most severely affected areas (Barataria Bay, Black Bay/Breton Sound, and Mississippi Sound). Affected ecosystem services include supporting services (e.g. primary production) and provisioning services (e.g. fish and invertebrate abundance). Loss of vegetation and nearshore oysters and increased shoreline erosion may have disrupted regulating services associated with stable marsh (e.g. coastal storm and flood protection). The loss of marsh vegetation and oysters likely reduced nutrient cycling and water filtration services. Recovery of natural resources may take more than 20 yr in some areas. To prepare for future spills, we recommend that natural resource trustees develop generic conceptual models and prepare integrated injury assessment approaches for nearshore habitats to facilitate future injury quantification. Additional exploration of the trade-offs between response options could minimize or shift natural resource injury for future spills.

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supporting

confidence: 87%

Integrated effects of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on nearshore ecosystems

Baker¹,

Steinhoff²,

Fricano³

2017

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…PAHs are a group of the petroleum hydrocarbons known for their mutagenic, carcinogenic, teratogenic, endocrine-disrupting properties (Samanta et al 2002;Liu et al 2012;Xia et al 2012). The US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) has listed 16 PAHs as priority pollutants for remediation (Sayara et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of glycolipid biosurfactant produced by a Pseudomonas otitidis strain isolated from Chirimiri coal mines, India

Singh

Tiwary

2016

Bioresour. Bioprocess.

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Background: Biosurfactants (BSs) are amphipathic, surface active molecules produced by microorganisms and can reduce the surface tension and interfacial tension. The present study emphasizes the isolation and structural characterization of the BS produced by Pseudomonas otitidis P4.Results: An efficient BS producing bacterial strain isolated from the unexplored coal mining site of Chirimiri, India was identified as P. otitidis P4 based on morphological, biochemical and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The surface tension of the culture medium was reduced from 71.18 to 33.4 mN/m. The surface tension and emulsification activity of the BS remained stable over a wide range of temperature, pH and salt concentrations indicating its scope of application in bioremediation, food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Structural attributes of BS were determined by biochemical tests, thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) spectroscopy analyses, which confirmed the glycolipid nature of BS. Lipid and sugar fractions were the main constituents of the extracted BS. Thermogravimetric (TG) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses showed the thermostable nature of BS. As determined from TGA graph, the degradation temperature of biosurfactant was found to be 280 °C while complete weight loss was observed after 450 °C. Conclusion:The BS isolated from P. otitidis P4 was identified as glycolipid and showed high emulsification activity and stability in a wide range of temperature, pH and salinity which makes it suitable for various industrial and environmental applications.

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“…Independent sampling and testing during the same timeframe and afterward reported similar findings. In a study by Xia et al (2012) of 25 individual PAHs in seafood, higher levels were measured in early sampling months as fisheries were being closed compared to later months as fisheries were reopened. In all samples, PAH levels did not exceed levels of public health concern, and were comparable to those measured in common processed foods purchased from local food outlets.…”

Section: Assessing Seafood Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%