Polycyclic musk fragrances in human adipose tissue and human milk

Rimkus, Gerhard; Wolf, Marco

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(96)00321-9

Cited by 134 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Surrogate standard d 10 -fluoranthene was purchased from Supelco, and internal standard hexachlorobenzene (HCB) 13 C 6 was from Dr. Ehrenstorfer. Dichloromethane (DCM), n-hexane, acetone of high-performance liquid chromatography grade were purchased from J.T.…”

Section: Materials and Reagentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The combined eluate was collected and concentrated to 1 ml. Prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, the internal standard (HCB) 13 C 6 was added.…”

Section: Sample Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first ion in each group was used for quantification. In addition, the ions for d 10 -fluoranthene and HCB-c 13 were m/z 212 and 290, respectively. A 30-m 5% phenyl methyl siloxane capillary column (HP-5MS; 0.25 mm inner diameter 0.25-mm film thickness) was used for separation of target analytes.…”

Section: Instrumental Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, more and more studies have reported the occurrence of nitro-and polycyclic musk fragrances in various environmental matrixes, such as sewage sludge, air, wastewater, and sediment [8][9][10][11] as well as fish, human tissues, mother's milk [12][13][14][15], and others. However, there is little information about temporal trends of synthetic musk compounds concentrations in human blood that may reflect the changes in use of these compounds by the industry and alterations in the patterns of consumer use of perfumed products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of synthetic musk fragrances in human blood from 11 cities in China

Shi

Niu

et al. 2010

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-We measured two nitro musk fragrances (musk xylene) and musk ketone) and five polycyclic musk fragrances (galaxolide [HHCB], tonalide [AHTN], celestolide [ADBI], traseolide [ATII], and phantolide [AHMI]) in human blood samples from 11 cities of China (n ¼ 204). Possible temporal trends in musk concentrations and associations with personal factors, such as gender, age, and others, were studied. Galaxolide (HHCB) showed the highest median concentration (0.85 ng/g) followed by AHTN (0.53 ng/g) with high detection frequency (91 and 77%, respectively). Concentrations of the other synthetic musk fragrances, including musk ketone and musk xylene, were all below the quantification limits. The results suggested that musk concentrations were not significantly relative to gender and body weight but positively correlated with age groups and locations. Apparent differences were also observed in the ratios of HHCB to AHTN concentrations among different cities.

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Section: Materials and Reagentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The combined eluate was collected and concentrated to 1 ml. Prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, the internal standard (HCB) 13 C 6 was added.…”

Section: Sample Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Instrumental Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Occurrence of synthetic musk fragrances in human blood from 11 cities in China

Shi

Niu

et al. 2010

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…The physiochemical properties and octanol-water partition coefficients (log K ow ) of AHTN (5.7) and HHCB (5.9) suggest that these compounds will bioaccumulate (Balk and Ford 1999). Indeed, AHTN and HHCB have been detected in human breast milk and adipose tissue (Liebl et al 2000;Rimkus and Wolf 1996;Zehringer and Herrmann 2001), fish, mussels, shrimp, and otters (Leonards and deBoer 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of Synthetic Musks to Early Life Stages of the Freshwater Mussel Lampsilis cardium

Gooding

Newton

Bartsch

et al. 2006

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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Polycyclic musk fragrances are common additives to many consumer products. As a result of their widespread use and slow degradation rates, they are widely found in aquatic environments. This study reports on the lethal and sublethal toxicity of the polycyclic musks AHTN (Tonalide®) and HHCB (Galaxolide®) to glochidial (larval) and juvenile life stages of the freshwater mussel Lampsilis cardium (Rafinesque, 1820). In glochidia, 24-h median lethal concentrations (LC50s) ranged from 454 to 850 μg AHTN/L and from 1000 to >1750 μg HHCB/L (water solubility). Results for 48-h tests were similar to the 24-h tests. In 96-h tests with juveniles, we did not observe a doseresponse relation between mortality and either musk. However, growth rate was reduced by musk exposure. The median effective concentrations (EC50s, based on growth) were highly variable and ranged from 108 to 1034 μg AHTN/L and 153 to 831 μg HHCB/L. While all adverse effects occurred at concentrations that are much greater than those reported in natural waters (low μg/L to ng/L), these results indicate the potential for adverse effects on these long-lived organisms from exposure to synthetic musk fragrances.

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