Polycystic ovary rat model exposure to 150 kHz intermediate frequency: hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis at the receptor, cellular, tissue, and hormone levels

Abstract

Introduction The hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis is the principal regulator of the reproductive system. The neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus signal the basophilic cells of the anterior pituitary to release luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), which bind to the granulosa and theca cells of a follicle in the ovary to promote healthy follicular development. Disruption of this process at any time can lead to polycystic ovaries and, if left untreated, can lead to Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), one of the leading causes of infertility. A novel treatment option using 150 kHz Intermediate Frequency (IF) Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) has been proposed to monitor the effect of this frequency during cystic development. Methods To prove this, an experiment was conducted to study the effect of whole-body exposure to 150 kHz EMR for 8 weeks at receptor, cellular, tissue and hormonal levels on the HPO axis of 25 young cyclic female rats. Results The results showed that 150 kHz EMR did not affect the histoarchitecture of neurons of arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus of PCO-induced rats. It was also found that the number of basophilic cells of the pituitary gland was increased and the immunoreactivity of LH and FSH secretion increased. This EMR field also decreased the development of follicular cysts in the ovary and possibly increased the immunoreactivity of the LH and FSH receptors as well on the theca and granulosa cells of follicles in the ovary. Conclusion There are still many limitations to this study. If properly evaluated, the results of this experiment could help develop a new non-invasive treatment option for women with PCOS in the near future.

Effects of Intermediate Frequency (150 kHz) Electromagnetic Radiation on the Vital Organs of Female Sprague Dawley Rats

“…Rats were randomly divided into two groups (control and EMR group) created with Microsoft Excel using = RAND (), with 10 animals per group. The EMR group was continuously irradiated with 150 kHz EMR from an EMR generation system for two months (except for approximately one hour per week needed for cage changes) [23,24]. The control group was not irradiated with EMR from the device.…”

“…In contrast, numerous epidemiological, in vivo, and in vitro studies confirm the safety of the IF [18][19][20][21]. In addition, recent innovative research has demonstrated the efficacy of this field (100 kHz-300 kHz) in disrupting mitosis in cancer cells [22] and in slowing the development of follicular cysts in polycystic ovaries (PCOs) [23,24]. However, these studies are controversial and do not lead to a clear conclusion because there are many differences in exposure duration, frequency, orientation, modulation, and power density.…”

“…The magnitude of the biological effects of the IF range on vital organs is proportional to the rate of absorption in relation to the frequency of environmental exposure, which is often neglected in experimental design [25]. In our previous studies [23,24], we investigated the effect of 150 kHz EMR on rat models with PCOs and found changes in the ovaries, pituitary, and hypothalamus, as well as changes in the development of ovarian follicles and the number of cells in the anterior pituitary. Therefore, in this study, we used the same frequency to further investigate the effects on other vital organs in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.…”

Effects of 150 kHz intermediate frequency electromagnetic radiation on fertility indicators in male rats

“…The optimal frequency for the antimitotic effect varies by cancer type and can be adjusted for maximum anti-cancer effect. In the preclinical setting, 150-kHz TTFs are effective in treating pancreatic cancer, non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), brain metastases from NSCLC, and mesothelioma when combined with chemotherapy [ 16 ] and in reducing the number of cysts in polycystic ovary disease in rats [ 17 , 18 ]. Since mammalian testicular germ cells proliferate clonally via mitotic rounds before differentiating into mature spermatozoa, the effect of IF on any reproductive risks in this TTF range (100 kHz–300 kHz) needs to be investigated.…”

Correction: Polycystic ovary rat model exposure to 150 kHz intermediate frequency: hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis at the receptor, cellular, tissue, and hormone levels

“…The original article [ 1 ] contains errors in Figs. 3 and 7 which occurred during the compilation of the images into figures.…”