Polydatin reduces Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid‐induced injury by attenuating reactive oxygen species generation and TLR2‐NFκB signalling

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) causes severe inflammation in various infectious diseases, leading to high mortality. The clinical application of antibiotics has gained a significant curative effect. However, it has led to the emergence of various resistant bacteria. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the protective effect of polydatin (PD), a traditional Chinese medicine extract, on S. aureus lipoteichoic acid (LTA)‐induced injury in vitro and in vivo. First, a significant improvement in the pathological conditions of PD in vivo was observed, suggesting that PD had a certain protective effect on LTA‐induced injury in a mouse model. To further explore the underlying mechanisms of this protective effect of PD, LTA‐induced murine macrophages were used in this study. The results have shown that PD could reduce the NF‐κB p65, and IκBα phosphorylation levels increased by LTA, resulting in a decrease in the transcription of pro‐inflammatory factors, such as TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6. However, LTA can not only activate NF‐κB through the recognition of TLR2 but also increase the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby activating NF‐κB signalling. We also detected high levels of ROS that activate caspases 9 and 3 to induce apoptosis. In addition, using a specific NF‐κB inhibitor that could attenuate apoptosis, namely NF‐κB p65, acted as a pro‐apoptotic transcription factor in LTA‐induced murine macrophages. However, PD could inhibit the generation of ROS and NF‐κB p65 activation, suggesting that PD suppressed LTA‐induced injury by attenuating ROS generation and TLR2‐NFκB signalling.

Polydatin ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing inflammation and the epithelial mesenchymal transition via inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway

“…Specially, the level of pro-inammatory factor (TNF-a) was strongly reduced by PD, this was in accordance with many other reports. 10,33,34 Besides, the adding of TNF-a counteracted PD-induced NLRP3 inammasome inactivation via enhancing NF-kB pathway. 35 These researches hent that PD may interact with TNF-a.…”

Sodium selenite induces apoptosis via ROS‐mediated NF‐κB signaling and activation of the Bax–caspase‐9–caspase‐3 axis in 4T1 cells

“…This shows that SSE suppressed p65 phosphorylation, transcriptional activity, and the expression levels of target genes, such as Bax, Bcl-2, cIAP, and XIAP. It is worth noting that there are various factors that regulate the NF-κB signaling pathway, which is a double-edged sword (Chao, Deng, Li, Liang, & Huang, 2017;Jiang et al, 2011;Zhao et al, 2017). Some studies have been shown that activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway also promotes apoptosis (Chao et al, 2017;Jiang et al, 2011).…”

Targeting the ROS/PI3K/AKT/HIF‐1α/HK2 axis of breast cancer cells: Combined administration of Polydatin and 2‐Deoxy‐d‐glucose

“…13,14 However, 2-DG monotherapy has yielded few positive results in mouse xenografts and human patients, most likely due to dose-limiting side effects or the activation pro-survival pathways in cancer cells. 17 Previous studies demonstrated that PD has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities and it is mainly used in cardiovascular, inflammatory, neurodegenerative, metabolic and age-related diseases. Polydatin (PD, 3,4'-5-trihydroxystilbene-3-β-D-glucopyranoside, shown in Figure 1A), is extracted from the roots of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb and can be detected in grape, peanut, hop cones, red wines, hop pellets, cocoa-containing products, chocolate products and many daily diets, is widely applied in traditional Chinese therapy.…”

“…Polydatin (PD, 3,4'-5-trihydroxystilbene-3-β-D-glucopyranoside, shown in Figure 1A), is extracted from the roots of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb and can be detected in grape, peanut, hop cones, red wines, hop pellets, cocoa-containing products, chocolate products and many daily diets, is widely applied in traditional Chinese therapy. 17 Previous studies demonstrated that PD has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities and it is mainly used in cardiovascular, inflammatory, neurodegenerative, metabolic and age-related diseases. 18,19 PD exerts its anti-cancer effect in a variety of ways, such as the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) 20 and inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway.…”