Polyelectrolyte Intelligent Gels: Design and Applications

Chiarelli, Piero; Rossi, Danilo Emilio De

doi:10.1002/9781118165850.ch15

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 197 publications

(204 reference statements)

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“…It is evident that the mobile and fixed ions present contribute to the system free energy. Several expressions, based on different assumptions, have been used [101][102][103][104]. Quite commonly, the free energy due to ionic charges is divided into mobile ion contribution and fixed charge contribution:…”

Section: Smart Drug Delivery System 272mentioning

confidence: 99%

Swellable Hydrogel-based Systems for Controlled Drug Delivery

Caccavo¹,

Cascone²,

Lamberti³

et al. 2016

Smart Drug Delivery System

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The controlled delivery of drugs can be effectively obtained using systems based on hydrogels. Tablets, to be orally administered, represent the simplest and the most traditional dosage systems based on hydrogel. Their formulation and preparation require to mix and to compress, in proper ratios, various excipients, including a swellable polymer and a drug. Carriers for controlled release systems are usually cross-linked polymers able to form hydrogels that show peculiar release mechanisms, where both diffusion and tablet swelling play important roles.When a dry swellable hydrogel-based matrix is immersed in a physiological fluid, this starts to penetrate inside the polymeric hydrophilic matrix. When a certain solvent concentration is reached, the polymeric chains unfold due to a glass-rubber transition, and a gel-like layer is formed. In the swollen region, the drug molecules can easily diffuse toward the outer dissolution medium, once they are dissolved. The polymer network became extremely hydrated where the swollen matrix is in contact with the outer medium, and processes like chain disentanglement take place, "eroding" the matrix.This chapter is focused on the analysis of the state of the art about the uses of carriers for controlled release systems composed by hydrogel-based matrices. This analysis has been performed studying in deep both the experimental and the modeling techniques which have been investigated over the years to characterize all the phenomena involved during the drug release.

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Section: Smart Drug Delivery System 272mentioning

confidence: 99%

Swellable Hydrogel-based Systems for Controlled Drug Delivery

Caccavo¹,

Cascone²,

Lamberti³

et al. 2016

Smart Drug Delivery System

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“…For more applications of polyelectrolyte gels, please refer to a recent review [374]. In the rest of this section, some special aspects are addressed that can lead to application of the hydrogels as actuators.…”

Section: Electrochemically Induced Complexation Of Gelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous Carbons – Hyperbranched Polymers – Polymer Solvation

Long

Voit

Okay

2015

Advances in Polymer Science

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“…The wide spread bi-phasic structure of living systems (a solid matrix whose interstitial pores are filled by a fluid [25]) is the nature solution to the problem of maintaining the matter-energy flows of chemical processes and reactions in a fluid environment (diffusivity in solids is typically one thousandth of that one in water and makes not possible the living dynamics) and obtain a rheological structure able to maintain topological complexity, the premise of performing complexes functions.…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Life Need Water or Can It Be Generated by Other Fluids?

Chiarelli¹

2014

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In the present work the Stochastic generalization of the quantum hydrodynamic analogy (SQHA) is used to obtain the far-from-equilibrium kinetics for a real gas and its fluid phase. In gases and their liquids, interacting by Lennard-Jones potentials whose mean distance is bigger than the quantum correlation distance and the molecular interaction distance r 0 , it is possible to define a Fokker-Plank type equation of motion as a function of the mean phase space molecular volume that far-from-equilibrium shows maximizing the dissipation of a part of the generalized SQHA-free energy. In the case of a real gas with no chemical reactions with small temperature gradients, the principle disembogues into the maximum free energy dissipation confirming the experimental outputs of electro-convective instability. In this case, the model shows that the transition to stationary states with higher free energy can happen and that in incompressible fluids, the increase of free energy is almost given by a decrease of entropy leading to the appearance of self-ordered structures. The output of the theory showing that the generation of order via energy dissipation, is more efficient in fluids than in gases, because of their incompressibility, which leads to the reconciliation between physics and biology furnishing the explanation why the life was born in water. The theoretical output also suggests that the search for life out of the earth must consider the possibility to find it in presence of liquid phases different from water.

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Polyelectrolyte Intelligent Gels: Design and Applications

Cited by 7 publications

References 197 publications

Swellable Hydrogel-based Systems for Controlled Drug Delivery

Swellable Hydrogel-based Systems for Controlled Drug Delivery

Porous Carbons – Hyperbranched Polymers – Polymer Solvation

Does Life Need Water or Can It Be Generated by Other Fluids?

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