Polygalae Radix Extract Protects Cultured Rat Granule Cells Against Damage Induced by NMDA

Lee, Hyun Joo; Ban, Ju Yeon; Koh, Sang Bum; Seong, Nak Sul; Song, Kyung Sik; Bae, Ki Whan; Seong, Yeon Hee

doi:10.1142/s0192415x04002235

Cited by 37 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In previous studies, we demonstrated that NMDAinduced neuronal death, as well as increases in [Ca 2+ ] i and ROS generation, were completely reversed by MK-801, indicating that the neurotoxicity was mediated by the activation of the NMDA-type glutamate receptors (30,31). SCR, over a concentration range of 10-50 µg/ml, protected neurons against NMDA-induced cell death.…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 84%

Neuroprotective Effect of Smilacis chinae Rhizome on NMDA-Induced Neurotoxicity In Vitro and Focal Cerebral Ischemia In Vivo

et al. 2008

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Abstract. Previous work has shown that the Smilacis chinae rhizome (SCR) markedly inhibits amyloid β protein (25-35)-induced neuronal cell damage in cultured rat cortical neurons. The present study was conducted to further verify the neuroprotective effect of SCR on excitotoxic and cerebral ischemic injury using both in vitro and in vivo studies. Exposure of cultured cortical neurons to 1 mM N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) for 12 h induced neuronal cell death. SCR (10 and 50 µg / ml) inhibited NMDA-induced neuronal death, elevation of intracellular calcium ([Ca 2+ ] i ), and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in primary cultures of rat cortical neurons. In vivo, SCR prevented cerebral ischemic injury induced by 3-h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and 24-h reperfusion. The ischemic infarct was significantly reduced in rats that received SCR (30 and 50 mg / kg, orally), with a corresponding improvement in neurological function. Moreover, SCR treatment significantly decreased the histological changes observed following ischemia. Oxyresveratrol and resveratrol isolated from SCR also inhibited NMDAinduced neuronal death, increase in [Ca 2+ ] i , and ROS generation in cultured cortical neurons, suggesting that the neuroprotective effect of SCR may be attributable to these compounds. Taken together, these results suggest that the neuroprotective effect of SCR against focal cerebral ischemic injury is due to its anti-excitotoxic effects and that SCR may have a therapeutic role in neurodegenerative diseases such as stroke.

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Section: +mentioning

confidence: 84%

Neuroprotective Effect of Smilacis chinae Rhizome on NMDA-Induced Neurotoxicity In Vitro and Focal Cerebral Ischemia In Vivo

et al. 2008

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“…5) PGR extract was shown to protect cultured rat granule cells against damage induced by NMDA 8) and has some reparative effects on the memory and behavioral disorders produced by lesioning of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) in rats. 7) Some oriental prescriptions including AGR, PGR, Poria (Chongmyeong-Tang consists of these three herbs), and Ginseng Radix have been shown to improve performance on avoidance learning and memory tasks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most frequently studied herbs are Ginseng Radix, 3,4) Acori Graminei Rhizoma (AGR), 5,6) and Polygalae Radix (PGR). 7,8) Other frequently used herbs such as Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (AMR), 9) Poria, 10) Glycyrrhizae Radix (GR), 11) Angelicae Gigantis Radix (AR), 12) Ligusticum Rhizoma, 13,14) Rehmanniae Radix (RR), 15) and Paeoniae Radix (PR) 16,17) were also investigated eagerly.…”

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confidence: 99%

Neuroprotective Effect of Palmul-Chongmyeong-Tang on Ischemia-Induced Learning and Memory Deficits in the Rat

Yun

Lee

Hahm

et al. 2007

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Ginseng Radix, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Poria, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Ligusticum Rhizoma, Rehmanniae Radix, Paeoniae Radix, Acori Graminei Rhizoma, and Polygalae Radix have been widely used as herbal medicine against ischemia. In order to test the neuroprotective effect of a novel prescription, the present study examined the effects of Palmul-Chongmyeong-Tang (PMCMT) consisting of these ten herbs on learning and memory in the Morris water maze task and the central cholinergic system of rats with cerebral ischemia-induced neuronal and cognitive impairments. After middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 h, rats were administered with saline or PMCMT (200 mg/kg, p.o.) daily for 2 weeks, followed by their training to the tasks. In the water maze test, the animals were trained to find a platform in a fixed position during 6 d and then received a 60 s probe trial on the 7th day following removal of the platform from the pool. Rats with ischemic insults showed impaired learning and memory of the tasks and treatment with PMCMT produced a significant improvement in escape latency to find the platform in the Morris water maze. Consistent with behavioral data, treatment with PMCMT also reduced the loss of cholinergic immunoreactivity in the hippocampus induced by cerebral ischemia. These results demonstrated that PMCMT has a protective effect against ischemia-induced neuronal and cognitive impairments. The present study suggested that PMCMT might be useful in the treatment of vascular dementia.

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“…Although PT was classically mentioned as anti-dementia drug, basic research showed only enhancement of the cholinergic function in vitro or scopolamine-induced temporal memory deficit. 1,2,12) This study showed for the first time effects of PT extract on neuronal morphological plasticity and cell damage under Ab (25-35)-induced neurodegenerative condition using rat cortical neurons. In Alzheimer's disease, neuritic atrophy and synaptic loss occur prior to neuronal death event, and may be the first trigger of the memory impairment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…[9][10][11] Although protective effects of PT on neuronal death were shown in amyloid b (Ab), glutamate or NMDA-induced neuronal damage, effects of PT on atrophy of neuritis and synaptic loss never have been investigated yet. 1,12) Therefore, we aimed in this study to characterize activities of PT under Ab-induced neuritic damage.…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of Anti-neurodegenerative Effects of Polygala tenuifolia in A.BETA.(25-35)-Treated Cortical Neurons

Naito

Tohda

2006

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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The root of Polygala tenuifolia WILLD (PT) (Japanese name: Onji) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine used as an expectorant, a tonic, a tranquillizer and an anti-dementia drug. However, basic researches of the anti-dementia effects are very few in spite of PT being generally recognized as a good herbal drug for amnesia. It was reported that 80% ethanol extract of PT and the methanol extract of PT reverse scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in rats. 1,2) Acetylcholinestrase (AChE) activity is inhibited in vitro by 80% ethanol extract of PT.1,3) Onjisaponin F, a constituent in PT, increases cholineacetyltransferase (ChAT) mRNA level in rat basal forebrain cell, and. Taken together, transient enhancement of cholinergic systems by PT may be involved in the memory improvement seen in like the scopolamine model. However, practical dementia is caused by irreversible neuronal damage involving neuronal death, neuritic atrophy and synaptic loss. Especially in case of Alzheimer's disease, neuritic atrophy and synapse loss are earlier events than neuronal death are, and are critical for memory disorder. [4][5][6][7][8] Previous our studies suggested that compounds which showed synaptic regeneration activity in cultured neurons were also active for memory impairment in vivo using Alzheimer's disease model mice.9-11) Although protective effects of PT on neuronal death were shown in amyloid b (Ab), glutamate or NMDA-induced neuronal damage, effects of PT on atrophy of neuritis and synaptic loss never have been investigated yet.1,12) Therefore, we aimed in this study to characterize activities of PT under Ab-induced neuritic damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS MaterialsThirty gram of roots of Polygala tenuifolia WILLD (PT) was extracted with 600 ml of water at 100°C for 40 min. This crude drug was purchased from Tochimoto Tenkaido (Osaka, Japan). The decoction was evaporated under reduced pressure and freeze-dried of extract powder (yield: 8.02 g). The extract was then dissolved in sterilized distilled water at 1000 times concentrations of final concentrations. Ab (25-35) (Sigma, Saint Louis, MO, U.S.A.) was dissolved in sterile distilled water at a concentration of 5 mM, and was incubated at 37°C for 3 d to allow fibril formation. [Gly 14 ]-Humanin was purchased from Phoenix Pharmaceuticals (Belmont, CA, U.S.A.) as a positive control for neuronal protection. A monoclonal antibody to phosphorylated neurofilament-H (NF-H) was purchased from Sternberger Monoclonals (Lutherville, MD, U.S.A.). A monoclonal antibody to microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), an antiserum to MAP2, polyclonal antibody to MAP2 and a monoclonal antibody to synaptophysin were purchased from Chemicon (Temecula, CA, U.S.A.). Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG and Alexa Fluor 546-conjugated goat antirabbit IgG were purchased from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR, U.S.A.). Aqua Poly Mont was purchased from Polyscience (Warrington, PA, U.S.A.).Primary Culture Embryos were removed from pregnant Sprague Dawley rats (Japan SLC, Shizuoka, J...

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Polygalae Radix Extract Protects Cultured Rat Granule Cells Against Damage Induced by NMDA

Cited by 37 publications

References 27 publications

Neuroprotective Effect of Smilacis chinae Rhizome on NMDA-Induced Neurotoxicity In Vitro and Focal Cerebral Ischemia In Vivo

Neuroprotective Effect of Smilacis chinae Rhizome on NMDA-Induced Neurotoxicity In Vitro and Focal Cerebral Ischemia In Vivo

Neuroprotective Effect of Palmul-Chongmyeong-Tang on Ischemia-Induced Learning and Memory Deficits in the Rat

Characterization of Anti-neurodegenerative Effects of Polygala tenuifolia in A.BETA.(25-35)-Treated Cortical Neurons

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