Polymer compound refractive lenses for hard X-ray nanofocusing

Krywka, Christina; Marschall, Felix; Márkus, Ottó; Georgi, S.; Müller, Martin; Mohr, Jürgen

doi:10.1063/1.4961129

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…After identifying the resonance, the second monochromator is replaced by Si(660) which reduces the bandwidth to 0.10 eV. A lens system, Compound Refractive X-ray Lens (CRL) 18 , is employed to focus the beam to a spot size of 0.15 × 0.065 mm 2 at the focal point, ∼ 14 m downstream from the device, with a transmission of about 67 %. The actual X-ray beam is a pulse train, with pulses separated by 23.6 ns and 40 ps pulse duration.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray pumping of the 229Th nuclear clock isomer

Masuda

Yoshimi

Fujieda

et al. 2019

Nature

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Thorium-229 is a unique case in nuclear physics: it presents a metastable first excited state 229m Th, just a few electronvolts above the nuclear ground state. This so-called isomer is accessible by VUV lasers, which allows transferring the amazing precision of atomic laser spectroscopy to nuclear physics. Being able to manipulate the 229 Th nuclear states at will opens up a multitude of prospects, from studies of the fundamental interactions in physics to applications as a compact and robust nuclear clock. However, direct optical excitation of the isomer or its radiative decay back to the ground state has not yet been observed, and a series of key nuclear structure parameters such as the exact energies and half-lives of the low-lying nuclear levels of 229 Th are yet unknown. Here we present the first active optical pumping into 229m Th. Our scheme employs narrow-band 29 keV synchrotron radiation to resonantly excite the second excited state, which then predominantly decays into the isomer. We determine the resonance energy with 0.07 eV accuracy, measure a half-life of 82.2 ps, an excitation linewidth of 1.70 neV, and extract the branching ratio of the second excited state into the ground and isomeric state respectively. These measurements allow us to re-evaluate gamma spectroscopy data that have been collected over 40 years.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray pumping of the 229Th nuclear clock isomer

Masuda

Yoshimi

Fujieda

et al. 2019

Nature

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“…The energy was tuned to optimal energy depending upon the sample. The X-rays were focused by a refractive lens (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) 36) to 6 × 10 (vertical × horizontal) μm 2 , with a focal length of 3.835 m. The samples were illuminated by the focused X-rays and the diffracted X-rays were collected by a two-dimensional photon-counting detector PILATUS 300 K (DECTRIS Ltd.) with a pixel size of 172 × 172 μm 2 . The detector was positioned 4.6 m upstream from the sample in a near backscattering position.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of 90° domain walls in relaxor ferroelectrics PMN-28.6%PT by focusing upon the CTR scattering

Ohwada¹,

Namikawa²

2021

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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Rod-shaped scattering has been observed in the tetragonal phase of Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 -28.7%PbTiO 3 by use of the backscattering setting. We attribute it to crystal truncation rod (CTR) scattering associated with the boundary of 90°domains. The CTR scattering shows a characteristic temperature evolution, which enables us to discuss the properties of the domain walls, especially their temperature dependence on the domain wall widths. Though it is necessary to have a situation where the crystal coherence is suddenly truncated, like the 90°domain wall, CTR scattering can be expected to be a powerful tool for examining the domain wall properties.

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“…Even angularly well separated reflections can lead to small polarization changes due to the long tails of their rocking curves. We compare four different lens materials for our CRLs: single crystalline diamond lenses [25], polycrystalline beryllium lenses [22], amorphous lenses made from SU-8 [26], and glassy carbon. Finally, the performance of the polarimeter is shown by studying polarization changes upon transmission through a beryllium foil.…”

Section: Focusing Of X-raysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scanning high-sensitive x-ray polarization microscopy

et al. 2022

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We report on the realization of an extremely sensitive X-ray polarization microscope, allowing to detect tiniest polarization changes of 1 in 100 billion (10-11) with a μm-size focused beam. The extreme degree of polarization purity places the most stringent requirements on the orientation of the polarizer and analyzer crystals as well as the composition and the form fidelity of the lenses, which must not exhibit any birefringence. The results show that these requirements are currently only met by polymer lenses. Highly sensitive scanning X-ray polarization microscopy thus is established as a new method. It can provide new insights in a wide range of applications ranging from quantum electrodynamics and quantum optics to X-ray spectroscopy, materials research, and laser physics.

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Polymer compound refractive lenses for hard X-ray nanofocusing

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

X-ray pumping of the 229Th nuclear clock isomer

X-ray pumping of the 229Th nuclear clock isomer

Observation of 90° domain walls in relaxor ferroelectrics PMN-28.6%PT by focusing upon the CTR scattering

Scanning high-sensitive x-ray polarization microscopy

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