Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell

Dhathathreyan, K. S.; Rajalakshmi, N.

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-68815-2_3

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 207 publications

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“…Values used in this analysis were derived primarily from the references shown in Table 4. (2004) Stone ( Figure 6 illustrates the spread in costs for existing stationary PEM fuel cell installations at military bases and stationary PEM fuel cell cost estimates for mass-produced fuel cells (Dhathathreyan and Rajalakshmi 2007, Stone 2005, Lipman et al 2004). The year is the installation year for the fuel cells installed at military bases and the year referenced in the studies.…”

Section: Hydrogen Fuel Cell System Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifecycle Cost Analysis of Hydrogen Versus Other Technologies for Electrical Energy Storage

Steward¹,

Saur²,

Penev³

et al. 2009

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online ordering: http://www.ntis.gov/ordering.htm Printed on paper containing at least 50% wastepaper, including 20% postconsumer waste iii Executive SummaryAs renewable electricity becomes a larger portion of the electricity generation mix, new strategies will be required to accommodate fluctuations in energy generation from these sources. One of the primary strategies proposed for integrating large amounts of renewable energy is using energy storage to absorb excess electricity-generating capacity during times of low demand and/or high rates of generation by renewable sources and then reconverting this stored energy into electricity during periods of high demand and/or low renewable generation.Various energy storage technologies have been developed or proposed. The goal of this analysis was to develop a cost survey of the most-promising and/or mature energy storage technologies and compare them with several configurations employing hydrogen as the energy carrier. A simple energy arbitrage scenario was developed for a mid-sized energy storage system consisting of a 300-MWh nominal storage capacity that is charged during off-peak hours (18 hours per day on weekdays and all day on weekends) and discharged at a rate of 50 MW for 6 peak hours on weekdays.For all the hydrogen cases, off-peak and/or excess renewable electricity is used to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen, which is stored in compressed gas tanks or underground geologic formations. The hydrogen is reconverted into electricity using a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell or hydrogen expansion combustion turbine. The hydrogen storage scenarios are compared with the use of several battery systems (nickel cadmium, sodium sulfur, and vanadium redox), pumped hydro, and compressed air energy storage (CAES).All the energy storage systems are evaluated for the same energy arbitrage scenario using consistent financial and operational assumptions. Costs and performance parameters for the technologies were gathered from literature sources and, in the case of the hydrogen expansion combustion turbine, Aspen Plus modeling. Producing excess hydrogen for use in vehicles or backup power is also evaluated. Two production levels are analyzed: 1,400 kg/day (roughly equivalent to the U.S. Department of Energy's standard model for smallscale distributed hydrogen production) and 12,000 kg/day. As for the purely energy arbitrage scenarios, it is assumed that hydrogen would be produced with offpeak/renewable electricity. Cost results for the analysis are presented in terms of the annualized ("levelized" 1 Figure ES -1 ) cost for producing the energy output from the storage system: electricity fed back onto the grid during peak hours ($/kWh) and, in the case of producing excess hydrogen for vehicles, hydrogen ($/kg).summarizes the comparison of levelized cost of delivered electricity for hydrogen (green bars) and competing technologies (blue bars). For each technology, high-cost, mid-range, and low-cost cases were analyzed, and sensitivity analyses were 1 The leve...

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Section: Hydrogen Fuel Cell System Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifecycle Cost Analysis of Hydrogen Versus Other Technologies for Electrical Energy Storage

Steward¹,

Saur²,

Penev³

et al. 2009

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“…Among the different types of FC, the Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is suitable for powering portable devices due to its fast start up and use of a solid electrolyte [4]. The storage and distribution of hydrogen remains an obstacle in conventional PEMFC because the fuel need to free of impurities when operated at temperature below 100 C [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a conceptual design model of a direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC)

Abdullah

Kamarudin

Hasran

et al. 2015

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…Out of many types of fuel cells which are developed, proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is most promising in terms of efficiency in energy conversion [1]. However, high cost of PEMFC compared to conventional source of energy prohibiting it from commercialization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent cost analysis shows that 12% of the total cost of the PEMFC stack is incurred by the PEM [2]. The most commonly used PEM is perfluorosulphonic acid membrane (PFSA) such as Nafion ® [1]. Apart from its high cost, use of the Nafion is restricted to 90˚C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Low Cost Ion Conducting Poly(AAc-co-DMAPMA) Membrane for Fuel Cell Application

Das¹,

Basu²,

Verma³

et al. 2015

MSA

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Poly(AAc-co-DMAPMA) membrane (PADMA) is synthesized by free radical aqueous copolymerization of acrylic acid (AAc) and N-3-[dimethylamino)propyl]-methacrylamide (DMAPMA) to check its stability and conductivity. The hydrogel membrane characterized physically to study morphology by SEM, thermal stability by TGA and mechanical stability by measuring compressive strength and ionic conductivity by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in alkaline as well as in acidic environment at different temperatures. The compression modulus of the hydrogel membrane is 24 kPa at pH = 1.0 and 16 kPa at pH = 7.0, and stable (no fracture) till 72% deformation. The PADMA hydrogel membrane ionic conductivity increased with the increase in temperature and structurally stable up to 190˚C. Improvement in ionic conductivity is observed after the heat treatment of the membrane. Compared with ionic conductivity of Nafion ® (SE512), the PADMA membrane found to be inferior. However, the PADMA hydrogel membrane conductivity was greater (~1 × 10 −4 S/cm) at low and high pH compared with neutral pH (~1 × 10 −5 S/cm) indicating the possibility of using the membrane as either a proton and hydroxyl ion conductor.

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Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell

Cited by 24 publications

References 207 publications

Lifecycle Cost Analysis of Hydrogen Versus Other Technologies for Electrical Energy Storage

Lifecycle Cost Analysis of Hydrogen Versus Other Technologies for Electrical Energy Storage

Development of a conceptual design model of a direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC)

Characterization of Low Cost Ion Conducting Poly(AAc-co-DMAPMA) Membrane for Fuel Cell Application

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