Polymer gel electrolytes for flexible supercapacitors: Recent progress, challenges, and perspectives

Dai, Hongliu; Zhang, Gaixia; Rawach, Diane; Fu, Chaoying; Wang, Chao; Liu, Xianhu; Dubois, Marc; Lai, Chao; Sun, Shuhui

doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2020.09.018

Cited by 132 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 204 publications

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“…S2 (ESI †). The conductivity was found to be 24 mS cm À1 , which reaches up to highly optimized inorganic solid electrolytes 25,26 and other gel electrolytes, 27,28 and exceeds traditional organic polymer electrolytes by orders of magnitude. 28,29 Finally, we employed our solid electrolyte to fabricate OECTs with PEDOT:PSS channel and gate electrode.…”

Section: Solid Electrolyte: Fabrication and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 93%

Photopatternable solid electrolyte for integrable organic electrochemical transistors: operation and hysteresis

et al. 2022

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Section: Solid Electrolyte: Fabrication and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 93%

Photopatternable solid electrolyte for integrable organic electrochemical transistors: operation and hysteresis

et al. 2022

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“…Gel polymer electrolytes (GPE) are composed of polymer matrices and supporting electrolytes. Many polymers could serve as the matrices, such as poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and copolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoro propylene) (PVDF-HFP)) [2]. Depending on their hydrophilic or hydrophobic nature, these polymers are suitable for aqueous or nonaqueous electrolytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherent Integration of Organic Gel Polymer Electrolyte and Ambipolar Polyoxometalate Hybrid Nanocomposite Electrode in a Compact High-Performance Supercapacitor

2022

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We report a gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) supercapacitor concept with improved pathways for ion transport, thanks to a facile creation of a coherent continuous distribution of the electrolyte throughout the electrode. Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) was chosen as the polymer framework for organic electrolytes. A permeating distribution of the GPE into the electrodes, acting both as integrated electrolyte and binder, as well as thin separator, promotes ion diffusion and increases the active electrode–electrolyte interface, which leads to improvements both in capacitance and rate capability. An activation process induced during the first charge–discharge cycles was detected, after which, the charge transfer resistance and Warburg impedance decrease. We found that a GPE thickness of 12 μm led to optimal capacitance and rate capability. A novel hybrid nanocomposite material, formed by the tetraethylammonium salt of the 1 nm-sized phosphomolybdate cluster and activated carbon (AC/TEAPMo12), was shown to improve its capacitive performance with this gel electrolyte arrangement. Due to the homogeneous dispersion of PMo12 clusters, its energy storage process is non-diffusion-controlled. In the symmetric capacitors, the hybrid nanocomposite material can perform redox reactions in both the positive and the negative electrodes in an ambipolar mode. The volumetric capacitance of a symmetric supercapacitor made with the hybrid electrodes increased by 40% compared to a cell with parent AC electrodes. Due to the synergy between permeating GPE and the hybrid electrodes, the GPE hybrid symmetric capacitor delivers three times more energy density at higher power densities and equivalent cycle stability compared with conventional AC symmetric capacitors.

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“…Compared with solid polymer electrolytes, hydrogel electrolytes exhibit superior ionic conductivity and flexibility. [7][8] However, water usually decomposes at 1.23 V; thus, the operating voltage range of the hydrogel electrolyte is generally narrow (0-1 V) [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] result the working voltage is closely related to the energy density. Alternatively, considerable effort has been devoted toward the development of flexible supercapacitors with high working voltage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐Temperature and High‐Voltage‐Tolerant Zinc‐Ion Hybrid Supercapacitor Based on a Hydrogel Electrolyte

2022

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For flexible supercapacitors, adequate flexibility, a wide voltage window, and the ability to operate under ultralow temperatures remain a great challenge. In this study, a high-performance solid hydrogel (referred to as the PAM-SA-Ca 2 + hydrogel) with a tensile length reaching 2013.5 % and strong low-temperature tolerance was constructed. This ensured its stable structure at levels as low as À 75 °C . When it was used as the electrolyte in a flexible zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitor (ZHS), it could provide a wide operating voltage window of 0-2.2 V for ZHSs. Benefiting from these advantages, the ZHS device not only delivered a high specific energy (202.3 W • h • kg À 1 ), specific power (1048 W • kg À 1 ) and excellent cycling stability with capacity retention of 85.82 % after 11000 cycles, but it could also drive a timer at the ultralow-temperature of À 75 °C, emphasizing its great application potential as an advanced flexible electronic device.

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Polymer gel electrolytes for flexible supercapacitors: Recent progress, challenges, and perspectives

Cited by 132 publications

References 204 publications

Photopatternable solid electrolyte for integrable organic electrochemical transistors: operation and hysteresis

Photopatternable solid electrolyte for integrable organic electrochemical transistors: operation and hysteresis

Coherent Integration of Organic Gel Polymer Electrolyte and Ambipolar Polyoxometalate Hybrid Nanocomposite Electrode in a Compact High-Performance Supercapacitor

Low‐Temperature and High‐Voltage‐Tolerant Zinc‐Ion Hybrid Supercapacitor Based on a Hydrogel Electrolyte

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