Polymer History

Abstract

During the last century and a half, new families of engineering materials known as polymers have been discovered and produced, that have not only challenged the classical materials but have also made possible the realization of new products which have contributed to extend the range of activities of mankind. This paper is a brief review of the history of the most important groups of polymeric materials, such as plastics, fibers and elastomers. In the growth of polymeric materials during the last century and a half, plastics are the leader followed by fibers and elastomers.  Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2008

Synthesis and characterization of isosorbide-based α,ω-dihydroxyethersulfone oligomers

“…We found out that PES-2 (equimolar ratios) gave a simplified spectrum of 13 C-NMR, which shows only signals related to repetitive units of cyclic structure. However, when we increase the IS excess to 100%, new signals appear, mainly carbons 1*, 2*, 3*, 4*, 5*, 6* of IS [23] as pending moiety in Lb oligomers and a, a', b, and b', which characterize the La' terminals.…”

“…Moreover, the doublet located at 160.3 ppm in the 13 C NMR spectrum corresponding to carbon (C9) of DFDPS can be explained by the endo and exo effect of IS hydroxyl group. Broadening of the area of this doublet showed additional signals owing to species (La').…”

“…The choice of PES is owing to their good thermal and chemical stabilities, oxidation resistance, and remarkable mechanical characteristics. [13][14][15] The hydroxy end-groups were controlled by the variation of the stoichiometric ratio [16] between IS monomer issued from corn starch [2][3][4][5] and 4,4'-difluorodiphenylsulfone (DFDPS). A comparative study was conducted to investigate the effect of both IS excess and concentration on structural composition and molecular weights of prepared oligomers.…”

EDC and sulfo-NHS functionalized on PVC-g-PEGMA for streptokinase immobilization

“…PVC exhibits a good price/performance balance that allows many applications such as pipes, packaging foils, and medical products [7][8][9]. PVC has many applications due to its attractive physical characteristics such as flexibility, softness, and transparency [10,11].…”

Synthesis and Optimization of Emulsion Polymers

“…Two key changes that should be implemented are: (1) the inclusion of a buffer and (2) a low concentration of acrylic acid around 2 wt.%.…”