Polymer–Nanoparticles Composites in Bioanalytical Sample Preparation

Abstract

The term composite refers to a class of synthetic materials made from different constituents which exhibit final properties which are different from those of the individual components. Composites have been extensively used in the sample treatment context as sorbents since the resulting solid presents better extraction efficiency. In this realm, polymeric nanocomposites are raised as a powerful alternative. They can be tailored-synthesized for selectivity enhancement or include a magnetic core to simplify the extraction/elution process. This review article points out the relevance of such nanomaterials in bioanalysis. Several synergic combinations of nanoparticles (magnetic, carbon-based) as well as polymeric coatings (conventional, conductive or molecularly imprinted) are commented on. Finally, the potential of biopolymers in the microextraction field is briefly highlighted.

Interaction between Filler and Polymeric Matrix in Nanocomposites: Magnetic Approach and Applications

“…The use of magnetic modified polymers has increased in the last years due to the inherent properties of magnetic particles such as magnetic fields and low costs in manufacture. Usually, the magnetic particles are embedded in a polymeric network since it allows the rotation of the hybrid material as a stir-bar in the sample, favoring the kinetics of the adsorption and desorption of the analytes during the extraction [61][62][63]. The coating of the magnetic cores is crucial for protection against oxidation and particle aggregation [64].…”

Magnetic Polyamide Nanocomposites for the Microextraction of Benzophenones from Water Samples

“…Polymeric nanocomposites, obtained from the synergic combination of polymers and nanoparticles (NPs), have demonstrated great potential as sorbents in solid phase (micro)extraction [1,2]. In such a combination, polymers provide their well-established sorption capacity [3] while NPs boost the extraction capabilities (enhancing the superficial area of the polymer or introducing secondary interaction domains) [4,5,6] and endow the nanocomposite with unique properties [7,8].…”

Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Extracting Media for the Chromatographic Determination of Antibiotics in Milk

“…Sample preparation protocols can benefit from the selectivity of the MIPs over specific molecule or group of molecules for improved clean-up efficiency. MIPs have already been reviewed as sorbents in sample preparation techniques [ 9 , 10 , 11 ] such as solid-phase extraction (SPE) [ 12 , 13 , 14 ], solid-phase microextraction (SPME) [ 15 , 16 ] and on-line extraction techniques [ 17 ] for bioanalysis [ 18 ], pharmaceutical [ 19 ], environmental [ 20 ], food [ 21 ], and forensic analysis [ 22 ]. MIPs have also been reviewed for the extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics [ 23 ], drugs of abuse [ 24 ], personal care products [ 25 ] and proteins [ 26 ].…”