Polymer Nanoparticles for the Release of Fragrances: How the Physicochemical Properties Influence the Adsorption on Textile and the Delivery of Limonene

Abstract

The market of cosmetic and personal care products is continuously growing its impact. In particular, the products that are currently driving this growth have a strict connection with fragrances (e.g., perfumes, detergents, body creams, and softeners). Since the fragrances are volatile molecules, very often, they are encapsulated in polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) that mediate their release and hence prolong the fragrance perception. Toward this aim, it is highly desirable to maximize the interaction between the carrier and the substrate, which would avoid the NP desorption following scrubbing and repeated washing. In the case of laundry products, limited NP desorption is also crucial to prevent the accumulation of nanoplastics in the environment, which is nowadays strictly regulated. Therefore, a thorough study highlighting the influence of the different physicochemical properties of the NPs on their adsorption behavior is urgently required. In this work, we synthesized polymer NPs with different sizes, surface charges, glass transition temperatures, and degrees of cross-linking through emulsion free-radical polymerization to investigate how these parameters affect the NP adsorption onto a textile substrate (composition: 90% cotton/10% elastane). This study can provide interesting guidelines in the design of new fragrance delivery systems as well as in the optimization of those already adopted in the market. Finally, we investigated the possibility of loading and mediating the release in air of limonene, one of the most common odorous molecules in the cosmetic field, overcoming its wellknown volatility.

Influence of the Polymer Microstructure over the Phase Separation of Thermo-Responsive Nanoparticles

“…The reaction conversion was first evaluated via thermogravimetric analysis performed on an Ohaus MB35 moisture analyzer [ 6 ] and then confirmed via 1 H-NMR ( Figure S2, Equation (S3)) following the same procedure described in Section 2.2 . From the 1 H-NMR spectrum, the actual p was calculated according to Equation (S4) .…”

“…Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) have been extensively studied since the middle of the previous century for their appealing and controllable interfacial and composition properties [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. These features determined their consolidation in several fields, such as coating [ 4 ], painting [ 5 ], textile [ 6 ], or cosmetics [ 7 ].…”

Encapsulation of Flavours and Fragrances into Polymeric Capsules and Cyclodextrins Inclusion Complexes: An Update

“…However, chemical methods are generally preferred for synthetic polymers, since, in most cases, they are more effective in controlling the size, the shape of the capsules and assuring a high loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency [ 16 , 26 ]. These methods include in situ polymerisation, emulsion polymerisation and interfacial polymerisation [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Recently, a new approach has been proposed based on the free-radical crosslinking copolymerisation of a double oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O) emulsion to prepare synthetic polymeric capsules encapsulating fragrances.…”

Preparation of temperature‐sensitive fragrance nanocapsules and its controllable release property

“…With the increasing demand for high quality life, fragrances are becoming more and more important in daily life, such as food, personal care, textile and medicine. [1][2][3][4] However, the main ingredients of fragrances are labile and volatile, which is not suitable for the long time storage. [5][6][7][8] Therefore, a variety of methods have been proposed to improve the storage stability of fragrance, which can be basically categorized into chemical barrier and physical barrier methods.…”

“…With the increasing demand for high quality life, fragrances are becoming more and more important in daily life, such as food, personal care, textile and medicine 1–4 . However, the main ingredients of fragrances are labile and volatile, which is not suitable for the long time storage 5–8 .…”