Polymerase chain reaction identification of Bordetella pertussis infections in vaccinees and family members in a pertussis vaccine efficacy trial in Germany

Schlapfer, Gabriela; Cherry, James D.; Heininger, Ulrich; Überall, Michael A.; Schmitt‐Grohé, Sabina; Laussucq, Suzanne; Just, M; Stehr, K.

doi:10.1097/00006454-199503000-00008

Cited by 66 publications

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“…13 An older study also reported data for this variable, but similarly did not find it to be a helpful predictor of pertussis (LRϩ, 1.1; LRϪ, 0.98). 30 We were able to evaluate separately for adults and children the accuracy for 3 key symptoms: whooping cough, posttussive vomiting, and paroxysmal cough. Both whooping cough (41% vs 20%) and posttussive vomiting (56% vs 34%) were more sensitive in children, although the specificity was similar.…”

Section: Accuracy Of Signs and Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Diagnosis of Bordetella Pertussis Infection: A Systematic Review

2017

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Background: Bordetella pertussis (BP) is a common cause of prolonged cough. Our objective was to perform an updated systematic review of the clinical diagnosis of BP without restriction by patient age.Methods: We identified prospective cohort studies of patients with cough or suspected pertussis and assessed study quality using QUADAS-2. We performed bivariate meta-analysis to calculate summary estimates of accuracy and created summary receiver operating characteristic curves to explore heterogeneity by vaccination status and age.Results

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Section: Accuracy Of Signs and Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Diagnosis of Bordetella Pertussis Infection: A Systematic Review

2017

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“…After inclusion of 10% blinded, negative-control vials (0.9% saline solution only), the frozen NPSs were shipped to the University Children's Hospital (Basel, Switzerland) in weekly batches, for analysis by PCR, as previously described in detail. [19][20][21] Oligonucleotide primers PTp1 and PTp2, which specifically amplify a 191-base pair DNA fragment of the pertussis toxin operon of B pertussis, were used. …”

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confidence: 99%

A Controlled Study of the Relationship BetweenBordetella pertussisInfections and Sudden Unexpected Deaths Among German Infants

Heininger¹,

Kleemann

Cherry

2004

Pediatrics

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ABSTRACT.Objective. This was a prospective, controlled, multicenter study to investigate the relationship between Bordetella pertussis infections and sudden unexpected deaths among German infants.Design. Between 1995 and 1997, all infants who died at 7 to 365 days of age and for whom autopsies were performed in 1 of 8 participating institutes of legal medicine were enrolled. During a standardized autopsy, nasopharyngeal specimens (NPSs) and tracheal specimens were obtained for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to detect B pertussis. The oligonucleotide primers PTp1 and PTp2, which specifically amplify a 191-base pair DNA fragment of the pertussis toxin operon of B pertussis, were used. Two control subjects (matched according to residence, age, gender, and nationality) were enrolled for each case subject, via a network of pediatricians in private practice, and NPSs were obtained from those infants. Parents of case subjects and control subjects were asked to provide specific information on respiratory illnesses of the child, contact with a known case of pertussis, or close contact with a person with a cough illness during the 4 weeks before death or enrollment, as well as the child's pertussis immunization status. The pathologists performing the autopsies were unaware of the PCR results.Results. Enrolled were 254 infants (66% male) with sudden unexpected deaths and 441 matched control subjects. Autopsies according to protocol were performed for 234 of the case subjects (92%); a diagnosis of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) was made for 76%. For the remaining subjects, causes of death were respiratory or other infections (14%), congenital anomalies or organ failures (4%), aspiration (2%), or accidents or traumatic events (4%). PCR results were positive for B pertussis for 12 case subjects (5.1%) (all with SIDS or respiratory infections) and 5.3% of control subjects. Of the 12 case subjects with positive PCR results, 10 (83%) were male. Questionnaires had been returned by the parents of 5 of the 12 infants. Three had experienced a respiratory illness (all with cough), beginning 7, 14, and 19 days before death. None had a known contact with a case of pertussis. Four of 15 control infants (27%) with positive PCR findings for B pertussis had a cough illness, indicating possible pertussis, and 2 of those 4 developed typical symptoms (whooping). Background information was received from 116 parents (46%) of case subjects and from parents of all control subjects. Upper respiratory tract infections within 4 weeks before death were reported for 53% of case subjects and 38% of control subjects. Also, fewer case subjects (33%) than control subjects (68%) had received age-adequate numbers of pertussis vaccine doses.Conclusions. The concept of infection as a factor in SIDS is supported by a number of observations, including the seasonal distribution of the occurrence of SIDS; the high incidence of concurrent upper respiratory tract infections among infants dying as a result of SIDS; the peak age at 3 to 4 months; nicotin...

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“…As is the case for other fastidious organisms, PCR offers an attractive alternative for detecting B. pertussis and B. parapertussis in clinical specimens (1,4,5,7,15,17,21,26). Previously evaluated B. pertussis target regions include insertion sequences (IS), repeat elements, the pertussis toxin promoter region, the adenylate cyclase gene, and the porin gene.…”

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Real-Time PCR Assay Targeting IS 481 of Bordetella pertussis and Molecular Basis for Detecting Bordetella holmesii

et al. 2001

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Detection of Bordetella holmesii by a real-time PCR assay targeting IS481 of Bordetella pertussis is reported.Sequencing of IS481-specific PCR products from B. pertussis and B. holmesii isolates revealed sequence homology. Restriction fragment length polymorphism demonstrated a low copy number of IS481-like sequences in B. holmesii. These results, and culture of B. holmesii from patients with cough, suggest that the specificity and predictive value of IS481-based PCR assays for pertussis may be compromised.Bordetella pertussis is the causative agent of whooping cough, an infectious disease that occurs worldwide with a high prevalence among young, unvaccinated infants (2,3,6,19) and is recently resurgent in highly vaccinated populations. Related species, including B. parapertussis, B. bronchiseptica, and the more recently described B. holmesii (27), may also cause a pertussis-like syndrome in humans. Laboratory diagnosis of pertussis is traditionally based primarily on culture, which is highly specific but is maximally sensitive only in the initial phases of disease (10,14). Furthermore, culturing depends on specimen quality and laboratory expertise and requires special media, extended incubation periods of 7 days or more, and confirmation by biochemical or antibody reagent tests. Diagnostic serology can be highly sensitive and more rapid than culture (14), but no serologic assay has been approved for diagnostic use in the United States because no diagnostic criterion has been widely accepted and no method has been validated between laboratories.Thus, there is a need for more rapid and sensitive diagnostic methods that have high positive predictive value, especially in the early stages of disease. As is the case for other fastidious organisms, PCR offers an attractive alternative for detecting B. pertussis and B. parapertussis in clinical specimens (1,4,5,7,15,17,21,26). Previously evaluated B. pertussis target regions include insertion sequences (IS), repeat elements, the pertussis toxin promoter region, the adenylate cyclase gene, and the porin gene. IS481 is present in the B. pertussis genome at 80 (22) to 100 (5, 18) copies, and PCR assays targeting IS481 have been evaluated for sensitivity and specificity in several laboratories over the last few years. Therefore, an internal region of IS481 was selected as the B. pertussis target (18) while a LightCycler (Roche Molecular Biochemicals, Mannheim, Germany) duplex PCR for B. pertussis and B. parapertussis was being developed. The previously described (5) forward primer BP-1 (5Ј GAT TCA ATA GGT TGT ATG CAT GGT T 3Ј and the slightly modified reverse primer BP-2 (5Ј TTC AGG CAC ACA AAC TTG ATG GGC G 3Ј), corresponding to bp 12 to 36 and 192 to 167 (GenBank M22031) of IS481, respectively, were used for amplification. A pair of fluorescence-labeled hybridization probes, BP-HP-3 (5Ј TCG CCA ACC CCC CAG TTC ACT CA-FAM 3Ј) and BP-HP-4 (5Ј LC red 640-AGC CCG GCC GGA TGA ACA CCC-3Ј-phosphate), corresponding to bp 66 to 88 and 92 to 112 (GenBank M22031) of IS481, respecti...

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Polymerase chain reaction identification of Bordetella pertussis infections in vaccinees and family members in a pertussis vaccine efficacy trial in Germany

Cited by 66 publications

References 0 publications

Clinical Diagnosis of Bordetella Pertussis Infection: A Systematic Review

Clinical Diagnosis of Bordetella Pertussis Infection: A Systematic Review

A Controlled Study of the Relationship BetweenBordetella pertussisInfections and Sudden Unexpected Deaths Among German Infants

Real-Time PCR Assay Targeting IS 481 of Bordetella pertussis and Molecular Basis for Detecting Bordetella holmesii

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