Polymerization of styrene with supported half-sandwich complexes

Synthesis, Structures, and Catalytic Reactions of Ring-Substituted Titanium(IV) Complexes

“…This is usually expressed as a ratio [weight of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) insoluble polymer/weight of total polymer (%)]. Although this methodology is very convenient and widespread, Kaminsky et al 289 have demonstrated that it is not quite reliable because extraction with boiling MEK washes out low molecular weight s-PS as well as atactic polystyrene. The researchers have shown that part of the MEK soluble polymer they extracted actually contains s-PS as evidenced by 13 C NMR analysis and high melting temperatures unusual for atactic polystyrene.…”

Gas-phase polymerization of 1,3-butadiene with supported half-sandwich-titanium-complexes

“…The amount of TIBA used as scavenger is an important determinant of the polymerization activity so this para-meter in the polymerization system is varied. [11,50] This is especially important for the fluidized bed reactor because here the reactor is large and as bed material silica Z 45 was chosen which contains 0.5 mmol OH/1 g silica Z 45. Variation of the amount of TIBA and the use of silanized silica Z 45 reduced the amount of OH-groups on the silica bed.…”

“…The stability of the CpTiCl 3 /MAO/SiO 2 system in toluene was discussed earlier. [11] It is known that some supported metallocenes lose their polymerization activity during storage as dry powder. [55] The storage stability of the CpTiCl 3 /MAO/SiO 2 system was investigated under consideration of the storage time.…”

“…This is well known for zirconocenes but until now there have been very few reports published which describe the heterogenization of half-sandwich-titanium-complexes. [10,11] Therefore it was necessary to investigate the heterogenization of this catalyst class under consideration of the main influences with respect to the polymerization activity of the supported catalyst.…”

Graft copolymerization of styrene or methyl methacrylate onto syndiotactic polystyrene by ATRP technique

“…Thus, sPS exhibits not only good chemical resistance but enhanced mechanical performance at elevated temperatures as well. [1][2][3][4][5] However, its inherent brittleness and poor impact and tear resistance significantly limit some end uses. Recently, several attempts have been made to improve the physical properties and processability of sPS through several procedures.…”