Supramolecular polymers and materials have been designed and prepared using macromolecular recognition by cyclodextrins as host parts. Polyrotaxanes, tubular polymers, supramolecular machines, artificial polymerases have been obtained by main-chain recognition. Macroscopic-self-assembly, self-healing materials, sol-gel transition, muscle-like materials have been achieved by side-chain recognition. End-group recognition leads to the construction of supramolecular polymers in narrow sense.