Polymethoxyflavones, Synephrine and Volatile Constitution of Peels of Citrus Fruit Grown in Okinawa

Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Physiological Drop of Citrus Fruits

“…In China, only small quantities of physiological fruit drop are collected for use in traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) (Chinese Pharmacopoeia Edition Committee 2005), and in Japan, most of them are burned as an agricultural waste (Inoue and others 2010). However, immature citrus fruits usually have higher contents of phytochemical compounds than mature fruits (Barreca and others 2010; Inafuku‐Teramoto and others 2011). Thus, to make use of them is highly desirable.…”

Scientific Opinion on a Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS) approach for the safety assessment of botanicals and botanical preparations

“…Arbo et al (2008) (-)-Synephrine has also been detected by Inafuku-Teramoto et al (2011) in the peel of the fruits of all the analysed Citrus species: C. depressa, C. madurensis, C. rokugatsu, C. oto, C. keraji, C. nobilis, C. tankan, C. tangerine.…”

Chemical Mapping of Essential Oils, Flavonoids and Carotenoids in Citrus Peels by Raman Microscopy

“…They are widely applied in pharmacology (Hosni and others ), food (Geraci and others ), and aromatherapy (Hoenen and others ). There are also various flavonoids in high levels in citrus peels and they have gained great interest due to their excellent functions and bioactivities, including anticancer (Zheng and others ), anti‐lipogenic (Nakajima and others ), antioxidant activity (Ademosun and Oboh ), and anti‐inflammation (Inafuku‐Teramoto and others ). Another important component in citrus peel is carotenes, mainly beta‐carotene, often used as nutraceutical to inhibit various diseases, such as cataracts, cardiovascular diseases, multiple sclerosis and cancer, due to the excellent single oxygen and free radical scavenging property (Thakur and Azmi ).…”

“…Several methods have been used for components analysis of citrus peels, including HPLC‐UV, LC‐MS, GC‐MS, and UPLC‐PDA‐ESI/MS (Inafuku‐Teramoto and others ; Molina‐Calle and others ; Guccione and others ). These mainstream methods for components analysis have many advantages, such as high sensitivity, accuracy, and good repeatability.…”