Polymorphic DNA microsatellites identified in the yellow dung fly (<i>Scathophaga stercoraria</i>)

Garner, Trenton W. J.; Brinkmann, Henner; Gerlach, Gabriele; Meyer, Axel; Ward, Paul I.; Spörri, Michael; Hosken, David J.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.105328.x

Cited by 24 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Paternity was then assigned (blind) to a random sample of 12 offspring per clutch (ca. 20-30% of the clutch) using the PCR of microsatellite markers and examining the products using an Elchrom (SEA 2000) electrophoresis system with Spreadex gels (Garner et al 2000). Parents were scored at loci sequentially until we found one or more that allowed us unequivocally to assign paternity (mean number of loci required 1.6).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…relatedness of the second male to the female minus relatedness of male one to the female). Relatedness was calculated using the Kinship 1.2 program (Queller & Goodnight 1989) using eight published (Garner et al 2000) and three recently developed microsatellites. Kinship calculates pairwise similarity (relatedness) values using codominant markers and population allele frequencies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heteropopulation males have a fertilization advantage during sperm competition in the yellow dung fly (Scathophaga stercoraria)

Hosken

Blanckenhorn

Garner

2002

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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Sexual conflict occurs whenever there is not strict genetic monogamy. The sexually antagonistic coevolution that potentially occurs because of this conflict involves adaptation by one sex followed by the counter-adaptation by the other, and may be thought of as an evolutionary arms-race. As a result of these cycles of antagonistic coevolution, females from one population may be less resistant to heteropopulation males, at least after short periods of allopatry, as they will not have evolved any resistance to them. We tested this prediction in yellow dung fly (Scathophaga stercoraria) populations from the UK and Switzerland. Males from each population mated as first and second males to females from each population, and the mean numbers of offspring sired by the last male to mate in each situation were compared. We also compared the fertility and fecundity of single females mated to males from both populations, as well as the fertility and fecundity of the F 1 crosses. Both crosses produced viable and fertile offspring and the offspring sex ratios were not skewed. However, the fecundity of F 1 -cross females was greater than that of the parentals. In the sperm-competition experiment, there was a significant interaction between male and female origin influencing the proportion of offspring sired by the second male to mate, with heteropopulation males always outcompeting conpopulation males. This effect was independent of copula duration and the delay between copulations. In a separate experiment, we tested to see whether this was due to female preference for genetically dissimilar males but found no evidence for paternity biasing based on genetic similarity. Our results therefore seem to be best explained by sexually antagonistic coevolution as females appear less resistant to males with which they have not coevolved.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heteropopulation males have a fertilization advantage during sperm competition in the yellow dung fly (Scathophaga stercoraria)

Hosken

Blanckenhorn

Garner

2002

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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“…Primers specific for flanking regions are designed from sequenced positive clones and tested for amplification and polymorphism (e.g., Gautschi et al 2000;Garner et al 2000aGarner et al , 2000bGarner et al , 2001). Because genome size is positively correlated with the occurrence of microsatellite regions, the size of a genome should not affect the likelihood of finding suitable candidate regions for primer design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome size and microsatellites: the effect of nuclear size on amplification potential

Garner¹

2002

Genome

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Although the frequency of microsatellite DNA regions generally increases with increasing genome size, genome size has a negative effect on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Thus, researchers developing sets of PCR primers, as is commonly done for microsatellite DNA regions, may encounter greater difficulty when working with species that have larger genomes. I investigated the effect of genome size on overall amplification success using data from nine different metazoan taxa. The proportion of primer sets that did not amplify PCR products was strongly and positively correlated with the haploid C value of the target species. Increasing genome size may affect amplification success negatively because of a decrease in target:nontarget DNA or by dilution of the available primer pool by nonspecific binding.

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“…We used the minimum recommended amount of elution buffer AE (20 ll) to retain the highest possible concentration of sperm DNA. The QIA-GEN Ò Multiplex PCR Kit (Qiagen AG, Switzerland) was used to simultaneously amplify seven microsatellite loci: SsCa1, SsCa3, SsCa16, SsCa21, SsCa24, SsCa26, and SsCa30(Garner et al 2000;Demont et al 2008). Total PCR reaction volume for the sperm was 30 ll (cf Bussière et al 2010.…”

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Wild yellow dung fly females may not select sperm based on dung pat microclimate but could nevertheless benefit from polyandry

2011

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Molecular techniques have substantially improved our knowledge of postcopulatory sexual selection. Nevertheless, studies examining sperm utilization in natural populations of nonsocial insects are rare, support for sperm selection (biased use of stored sperm, e.g. to match offspring genotypes to prevailing environmental conditions) is elusive, and its relevance within natural populations unknown. We performed an oviposition site choice experiment in the field where female yellow dung flies Scathophaga stercoraria could deposit eggs into three different microenvironments on a dung pat (the east-west ridge, north- or south-exposed side), and genotyped the offspring and sperm remaining in storage after oviposition. Females exhibited plasticity in the number of eggs deposited according to pat age. Additionally, temperature strongly influenced egg placement: the warmer the temperature, the higher the proportion of eggs laid into the north-exposed side of dung. The number of ejaculates in storage differed amongst spermathecae, and females stored sperm from more males than fathered their offspring (2.11 sires vs. 2.84 males within sperm stores). Mean last male paternity was 83.4%, roughly matching previous laboratory estimates. Importantly, we found no evidence that females selectively lay eggs of different genotypes, by biasing paternity towards certain males, depending on offspring's microclimate. Thus, while we show female choice over number of eggs and where these are deposited, there was no evidence for sperm selection. We further revealed positive effects of multiple mating on total number of offspring and proportion of offspring emerging from the dung. We argue that the integration of field studies and laboratory experiments is essential to promote our understanding of polyandry and cryptic female choice

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Polymorphic DNA microsatellites identified in the yellow dung fly (Scathophaga stercoraria)

Cited by 24 publications

References 14 publications

Heteropopulation males have a fertilization advantage during sperm competition in the yellow dung fly (Scathophaga stercoraria)

Heteropopulation males have a fertilization advantage during sperm competition in the yellow dung fly (Scathophaga stercoraria)

Genome size and microsatellites: the effect of nuclear size on amplification potential

Wild yellow dung fly females may not select sperm based on dung pat microclimate but could nevertheless benefit from polyandry

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