Polymorphism in ornamental and common carp strains (Cyprinus carpio L.) as revealed by AFLP analysis and a new set of microsatellite markers

Abstract

Forty-seven new microsatellite markers were generated and applied, together with the AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) technique using two different enzyme combinations, to the genetic analysis of two carp species, Cyprinus carpio L. and Ctenopharyngodon idella. The extent of polymorphism and the genetic relationships between nine carp populations were studied. The incidence of microsatellites containing CA and CT motifs was estimated to be one every 17.4 and one every 126.3 kb, respectively, and their average allele numbers were four and five, respectively. Across populations, the average proportion of individuals that were heterozygous for microsatellite markers was 44.2% and the average allele number was 4.02. The EcoRI/TaqI combination generated more analyzable AFLP bands than the EcoRI/MseI pair, making the former preferable for the analysis of carp populations. The proportion of polymorphic AFLP bands within populations ranged from 6.7% in grass carp to 59.9% in Kohaku strain (Koi) of the ornamental carp. The fixation index (FST) for microsatellites in these populations was estimated to be 0.37, and for AFLP markers the value was 0.39. Genetic distance matrices derived from microsatellites and from two AFLP analyses were positively correlated. Grass carp showed fewer AFLP bands than other populations and was genotyped by only half of the microsatellite markers. These findings agree with genetic distance estimates in suggesting that the grass carp is phylogenetically quite remote from all the other populations examined.

Studying the Genetics of Resistance to CyHV-3 Disease Using Introgression from Feral to Cultured Common Carp Strains

“…In addition, the BC 1 analyses indicated that the scale coverage pattern was not correlated with CyHV-3 resistance and therefore, it should be possible to obtain resistant mirror strains using our strategy. Secondly, with respect to genetic variability and inbreeding, the parental stocks of “Y” and “D” strains are kept as closed inbred populations since the 1970s and consequently they present reduced genetic variation and possibly also some degree of inbreeding depression (Moav et al, 1975; Kincaid, 1983; David et al, 2001, 2007). Survival levels after CyHV-3 infection could also be looked at as an example trait from which we can learn on variation among our strains.…”

Spontaneous polyploidy, gynogenesis and androgenesis in second generation (F2) koi Cyprinus carpio × goldfish Carassius auratus hybrids

“…Locus Koi105‐106 was described in C. carpio by David et al . (). Locus Cca02 was described in C. carpio by Yue et al .…”

Verification of mitotic gynogenesis in ornamental (koi) carp (Cyprinus carpioL.) using microsatellite DNA markers

“…First nine loci listed above were included by Yue, Ho, Orban and Komen () in the list of 21 microsatellite loci recommended for genetic diversity studies of common carp. Primer sequence information was taken from the following sources: for loci MFW4 , MFW7 and MFW26 from Crooijmans, Bierbooms, Komen, Van der Poel and Groenen (), for loci Koi29‐30 , Koi105‐106 and Koi115‐116 from David, Rajasekaran, Fang, Hillel and Lavi (), for loci Cca02 , Cca04 and Cca24 from Yue et al . (), and for locus Cca‐21 from Aliah, Takagi, Dong, Teoh and Taniguchi ().…”