Polymorphism in seed endosperm proteins (gliadins and glutenins) of Turkish cultivated einkorn wheat [Triticum monococcumssp.monococcum] landraces

Abstract

The objective of this study is the analysis of polymorphism in seed endosperm proteins (gliadins and glutenins) of Turkish cultivated einkorn wheat [Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum] landraces. The genetic diversity of high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin subunits and the gliadin proteins in 10 landrace populations of cultivated einkorn wheat, originating from Turkey, was investigated using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and ammonium lactic acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE), respectively. For glutenins, the mean number of alleles, the mean number of effective alleles, the mean value of genetic diversity and the mean value of average genetic diversity were detected as 3.50, 2.98, 0.65 and 0.28, respectively. The genetic differentiation was 0.57, while gene flow was 0.19 between populations. For gliadins, the mean number of alleles, the mean number of effective alleles, the mean value of total genetic diversity and the genetic diversity within population were detected as 2.00, 1.21, 0.17 and 0.15, respectively. The genetic differentiation was 0.08, whereas gene flow was 6.15 between populations. STRUCTURE is a software package program for population genetic analysis, was used to infer population structures of landraces populations. The optimum value for K was obtained as 10. Considering the high number of proteins and genetic variation, and increased interest in organic products, the farming of einkorn wheat should be supported and conservation of germplasm in landraces should be maintained as important genetic resources. The landraces germplasm should be conserved for future crop improvement processes.

Assessment of genetic diversity based on agro-morphological traits and ISSR molecular markers in einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum) landrace populations from Turkey

“…When the value of genetic differentiation among populations is > 15%, the genetic differentiation is substantially high. However, although the value of the genetic differentiation in this study appears to be high according to this criterion, it may not be that high compared to previous studies on einkorn wheat and other primitive landraces (Keskin et al, 2015;Özbek et al, 2011, 2012, 2013Ozbek, 2021). The gene flow and genetic distance data also supported our study.…”

Introducing Beneficial Alleles from Plant Genetic Resources into the Wheat Germplasm

“…Similarly, compared with hard red wheats, Turkish cultivated einkorn (T. monococcum) landraces have higher protein content [248] and are consumed in the form of soups, salads, casseroles, and sauces [249]. It is important to encourage the cultivation and genetic improvement of diploid and tetraploid wheats, particularly T. monococcum and T. dicoccon, because of their high nutritional value and their importance in organic agriculture [234,235,250,251]. Wheat CWR hold great potential for biofortification.…”

Intraspecific divergence of diploid grass Aegilops comosa is associated with structural chromosome changes

“…Thus, FISH with GAA n probe and gliadin electrophoresis uncover an extremely broad polymorphism of this species. High effectiveness of these markers for the analysis of intra-and interspecific diversity, evaluation of population structure, for characterization of individual genotypes has been proved in many publications (Metakovsky et al 1989;Badaeva et al 1990Badaeva et al , 2015bBadaeva et al , 2022Masci et al 1992;Pomortsev et al 2011;Keskin et al 2015;Jiang et al 2017;Majka et al 2017;Song et al 2020). We find that, from one side, distribution of GAA n sites is species-and chromosomes specific allowing identification of all individual chromosomes.…”