Polymorphisms in the Promoter Region of the Chinese Bovine <italic>PPARGC1A</italic> Gene

Abstract

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha protein, encoded by the PPARGC1A gene, plays an important role in energy homeostasis. The genetic variations within the PPARGC1A gene promoter region were scanned in 808 Chinese native bovines belonging to three cattle breeds and yaks. A total of 6 SNPs and one 4 bp insertion variation in the promoter region of the bovine PPARGC1A gene were identified: SNP -259 T>A, -301_-298insCTTT, -915 A>G, -1175 T>G, -1590 C>T, -1665 C>T and -1690 G>A, which are in the binding sites of some important transcription factors: sex-determining region Y (SRY), myeloid-specific zinc finger-1 (MZF-1) and octamer factor 1(Oct-1). It is expected that these polymorphisms may regulate PPARGC1A gene transcription and might have consequences at a regulatory level.

SRY Gene Marker Differences in Native and Crossbreed Cattle

“…This finding is in accordance with Cheng et al (2001) who observed a different family of Bovidae and found the SNPs on the promoter region that did not regulate the transcription process. However, single nucleotide polymorphisms which were found outside the transcription regulators might have certain consequences to the genetic regulation levels, regarding that the function between promoters is interrelated (Li et al, 2013). The upstream DNA region which was already known to affect transcription process is CAAT box, as it is the location for polymerase enzyme to initiate the transcription process, while also acts as the binding site for transcription factors such as NF1 and SP 1 (Kadonaga, 2004;Karp, 2010).…”

“…The Sp1-binding site acts as the base for the transcription process, mediating between signal and target genes which responded in one biological stream process (Samson dan Wong, 2002). Five SNPs found on the promoter region of SRY gene could impact the gene expression normality as each was interrelated (Li et al, 2013), and the occurred interaction on each part might impact the overall gene expression.…”

Detection of genetic variation and activity analysis of the promoter region of the cattle tRNA-modified gene <i>TRDMT1</i>

“…The occurrence of modification affects life activities by affecting protein synthesis. Liu et al (2015) reported that the SNP locus of DNA chemical modifier DNMT family gene is related to carcass quality, lean color, flanks thickness and other traits. The TRDMT1 gene is relatively conserved in the biological evolution process.…”

“…The occurrence of tRNA modification affects life activities by affecting the synthesis of proteins. Liu et al (2015) reported that the DNA chemical modification factor DNMT family gene SNP locus was associated with corpus callosum mass, lean meat color and flank thickness. The tRNA modification gene is evolutionarily conserved, but most of the research exists only in the model organism such as yeast and mouse.…”

Haplotype-based interaction of the PPARGC1A and UCP1 genes is associated with impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PPARGC1A) is a nuclear transcriptional factors, which plays a key role in metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. [ 11 ] The single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the human PPARGC1A gene are associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). [ 12 – 14 ] The uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is predominantly expressed in brown adipose tissue, where it mediates nonshivering thermogenesis and energy thermodynamics, and thus plays an important role in resisting the development of obesity in humans.…”