Polyopes affinis Suppressed IFN-γ- and TNF-α-Induced Inflammation in Human Keratinocytes via Down-Regulation of the NF-κB and STAT1 Pathways

Abstract

Polyopes affinis is a red algal species commonly found on the South coast and near Jeju Island, Korea. This study aimed to determine whether P. affinis extracts can inhibit the pathogenesis of T-helper-2 (Th2)-mediated inflammation in a human keratinocyte cell line of atopic dermatitis (AD). Cells were incubated with 10 ng/mL of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and 10 ng/mL of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) at various concentrations of PAB (10, 30, and 60 µg/mL) and PAA (100, 500, and 1000 µg/mL) extracts. A gene-ontology (GO)-enrichment analysis revealed that PAB significantly enriched the genes associated with biological processes such as cell adhesion, immune response, inflammation, and chemokine-mediated pathways. PAB suppressed the expression of the secretory proteins and mRNAs that are associated with the thymus and the production of activation-regulated chemokines (TARC/CCL17) and macrophage-derived chemokines (MDC/CCL22). The effect of the extract on mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was related to its inhibition of TARC/CCL17 and MDC/CCL22 production by blocking NF-κB and STAT1 activation. These results suggest that seaweed extract may improve AD by regulating pro-inflammatory chemokines. In conclusion, we first confirmed the existence of phloroglucinol, a polyphenol formed from a precursor called phlorotannin, which is present in PAB, and this result proved the possibility of PAB being used as a treatment for AD.

Complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of the marine red alga Polyopes affinis (Rhodophyta: Halymeniales)

“…This species is abundantly found along the South Korean coast (East and South) and Japan, and it is widely used as a food in South Korea, Japan, and China because of its nutritional properties and health benefits (Ha et al. 2022 ). The mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) is important for biogeographic and population genetic studies, as well as molecular evolution investigations (Kim et al.…”

Anti-Atopic Dermatitis Activity of Epi-Oxyzoanthamine Isolated from Zoanthid

“…In previous studies on marine organisms against atopic dermatitis, some studies reported that the red algae— Pyropia yezoensis -extract inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory chemokines induced by IFN-γ and TNF-α in HaCaT cells by down-regulating NF-κB [ 32 ]. Down-regulation of NF-κB and STAT1 pathways by Polyopes affinis suppresses IFN-γ and TNF-α-induced inflammation in human keratinocytes [ 33 ]. Red algae— Sarcodia suiae sp.…”

Polygalaxanthone III, an Active Ingredient in Polygala japonica Houtt., Repaired Malassezia-Stimulated Skin Injury via STAT3 Phosphorylated Activation

“…In certain pathological conditions, the inflammatory process is widely recognized as a localized protective response of the body in cases such as pathogen attacks or damages. The JAK/STAT is the primary signaling pathway regulated by cytokines and is crucial for initiating the innate immunity, orchestrating the adaptive immune mechanisms, and finally constraining the inflammatory and immune responses [ 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”