Polyphenol Extract from Evening Primrose (Oenothera paradoxa) Inhibits Invasion Properties of Human Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Cells

Abstract

Extracts from the defatted evening primrose (Oenothera paradoxa Hudziok) seeds are the source of a range of stable polyphenolic compounds, including ellagic acid, gallic acid, and catechin. Our studies evaluate, for the first time, the influence of evening primrose isopropanol extract (EPE) on malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) cells. MPM is rarely diagnosed, its high aggressiveness and frequently noted chemoresistance limit its treatment schemes and it is characterized by low prognostic features. Here, we demonstrate that EPE inhibited MPM growth in a dose-dependent manner in cells with increased invasion properties. Moreover, EPE treatment resulted in cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and increased apoptosis in invasive MPM cell lines. Additionally, EPE strongly limited invasion and MMP-7 secretion in MPM cancer cells. Our original data provide evidence about the potential anti-invasive effects of EPE in MPM therapy treatment.

Evening primrose seed extract rich in polyphenols modulates the invasiveness of colon cancer cells by regulating the TYMS expression

“…The sensitivity of the cells to the drug was determined by the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay described previously. 27 The results were calculated as a percentage of controls, and the IC 50 values were calculated with GraphPad Prism version 9.1 software (GraphPad Inc. San Diego, CA, USA) using a four-parameter nonlinear logistic regression. The potentiation factors (PF 50 values) at 50% growth inhibition were calculated from the ratio of the IC 50 for 5-FU divided by the 5-FU in the presence of the EPE.…”

“…The evening primrose extract (EPE) was obtained and identified previously as described. 27 The EPE treatment was conducted within a growing medium supplemented with 5% FBS, and the EPE was added from fresh stock prepared solution in 20% EtOH (v/v in PBS) to cells to obtain a final EtOH concentration of 0.1% (v/v). The controls were subjected to 0.1% EtOH alone.…”

“…25,26 In our previous studies, we observed that the extract from the defatted seeds of Evening primrose rich in a fraction of polyphenols (such as ellagic acid, gallic acid and catechin) revealed anti-invasive properties on malignant pleural mesothelioma cells. 27 To confirm the EPE's ability to inhibit cancer metastasis, we examined its effect on colon cancer cells with different invasive statuses: either isolated from pre-invasive and invasive stages or cells with EMT induced by Snail-overexpression or stimulation by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Since the increased invasive potential is associated with EMT as one of the resistance mechanisms to 5-FU chemotherapy, we also investigated the effect of the EPE on established 5-FU-resistant colon cancer cells.…”

Phytochemicals in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Treatment—Review on the Current Trends of Therapies

“…Furthermore, by introducing the extract into the diet, these authors observed significantly reduced MPM tumor size in mouse xenografts, this affected the engraftment of the MPM cell line after C. scolymus extract treatment. Recently, we reported that a mixture of polyphenols obtained from Oenothera paradoxa seeds (evening primrose extract, EPE) revealed anti-invasive effects against MPM cells [ 79 ]. Evening primrose ( Oenothera paradoxa Hudziok), belonging to the Oenothera species, is used in Europe for edible oil production.…”

“…On the other hand, Lewandowska et al have shown potential anti-metastatic properties of EPE against prostate and breast cancer types, namely by inhibiting the type IV collagenases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) responsible for cell migration, invasiveness, and metastasis [ 93 ]. Our latest study [ 79 ] revealed that EPE possesses the anti-metastatic specificity toward invasive MPM cancer cell types (MSTO-H211 and JU77). The extract, containing ellagic acid, gallic acid, (+)-catechin, PGG, and procyanidin B2, arrested invasive cells in the G2/M phase, negatively correlated with the migration of MPM cells, and inhibited the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7), the latter factor directly engaged in the invasion process and metastasis.…”