Polyphenol Phase‐II Metabolites are Detectable in Human Plasma after Ingestion of <sup>13</sup>C Labeled Spinach—a Pilot Intervention Trial in Young Healthy Adults

Passon, Maike; Bühlmeier, Judith; Zimmermann, Benno F.; Stratmann, Anja; Latz, Stefan; Stehle, Peter; Galensa, Rudolf

doi:10.1002/mnfr.201701003

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…A study carried out by Passon et al [ 33 ] revealed the main forms of phenolic metabolites associated with spinach intake. Five subjects consumed 5 g 13 C intrinsically labelled lyophilized and powdered spinach containing 160 µmol of methoxy flavonols from which 70 µmol corresponded to 5,3′,4′-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-6,7-methylendioxyflavone-4′-glucuronide (TMM-4′-glucuronide).…”

Section: Potential Mediterranean Diet Biomarkers: Phenol Biological Metabolites From Recommended Foods On a Daily Basismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenol Biological Metabolites as Food Intake Biomarkers, a Pending Signature for a Complete Understanding of the Beneficial Effects of the Mediterranean Diet

Mosele

Motilva

2021

Nutrients

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The Mediterranean diet (MD) has become a dietary pattern of reference due to its preventive effects against chronic diseases, especially relevant in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Establishing an objective tool to determine the degree of adherence to the MD is a pending task and deserves consideration. The central axis that distinguishes the MD from other dietary patterns is the choice and modality of food consumption. Identification of intake biomarkers of commonly consumed foods is a key strategy for estimating the degree of adherence to the MD and understanding the protective mechanisms that lead to a positive impact on health. Throughout this review we propose potential candidates to be validated as MD adherence biomarkers, with particular focus on the metabolites derived from the phenolic compounds that are associated with the consumption of typical Mediterranean plant foods. Certain phenolic metabolites are good indicators of the intake of specific foods, but others denote the intake of a wide-range of foods. For this, it is important to emphasise the need to increase the number of dietary interventions with specific foods in order to validate the biomarkers of MD adherence. Moreover, the identification and quantification of food phenolic intake biomarkers encouraging scientific research focuses on the study of the biological mechanisms in which polyphenols are involved.

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Section: Potential Mediterranean Diet Biomarkers: Phenol Biological Metabolites From Recommended Foods On a Daily Basismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This indicates colonic metabolism and/or enterohepatic recirculation. In addition, spinacetin and patuletin were identified (but not quantified) in human plasma for the first time after spinach intake [ 33 ].…”

Section: Potential Mediterranean Diet Biomarkers: Phenol Biological Metabolites From Recommended Foods On a Daily Basismentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenol Biological Metabolites as Food Intake Biomarkers, a Pending Signature for a Complete Understanding of the Beneficial Effects of the Mediterranean Diet

Mosele

Motilva

2021

Nutrients

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“…Phase II metabolites of spinach polyphenols, such as patulein and spinacetin, have been measured and tentatively quantified in human plasma after 13 C labeled spinach intake in a singledose intervention study. [21] In the current study, neither of these markers or any other plasma intake biomarkers were observed, possibly due to lack of sensitivity without an isotope label; these compounds may also have been degraded by the (residual) microbiota in patients and in controls and this would require further study. Carotenoids have been measured in plasma or serum after spinach intake, and their concentrations were found to be related to co-ingested fats and other factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Discovery of Urinary Biomarkers of Spinach Consumption Using Untargeted LC‐MS Metabolomics in a Human Intervention Trial

Barbera

Eriksen

et al. 2022

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Scope: Biomarkers for intake of green leafy vegetables such as spinach can help investigate their health effects. However, only few potential intake markers have been reported in the literature so far. Methods and Results: Based on a cross-over study on whole leaf and minced spinach, we investigate changes in metabolites before and after spinach intake and differences between the two treatments and health status. Nineteen volunteers (12 healthy subjects and 7 short bowel patients) completed the study within 48 days. Urine samples (24-h intervals before and after spinach intake) and serum samples (baseline, post 8 d, and post 15 d) are collected and analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS). The acquired data is analyzed by multivariate and univariate analyses. Three candidate biomarkers are observed in urine only after the spinach intake, including des-amino arginine pentenol ester, D/L-malic acid ester of cis-p-coumarate, D/L-malic acid ester of trans-p-coumarate, and 69 metabolites are present before spinach intake but showing an altered level after treatment. These metabolites are related to dietary habits or meal structure, and some changes are possibly affected by spinach intake. The candidate biomarkers are independent of spinach pre-processing and healthy status. No markers are discovered in serum samples. Conclusion: We propose structures for three candidate spinach intake biomarkers; these markers will need further validation in independent studies.

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“…The last relevant study aimed at identifying the polyphenol metabolites recovered in human plasma after ingestion of 5 g freeze-dried 13 C-labeled spinach. The main metabolites were a glucuronide and a sulfate of 5,3′,4′-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-6,7-methylendioxyflavone (TMM), and spinacetin-glucuronide-sulfate [49]. The secondary search in the literature and in various databases (FooDB, Phyto-Hub, Duke's phytochemical and ethnobotanical database, Phenol-Explorer, CRC press Dictionary of Food Compounds) revealed that the derivatives of spinacetin and TMM are compounds with a high specificity for spinach.…”

Section: Spinachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food intake biomarkers for green leafy vegetables, bulb vegetables, and stem vegetables: a review

et al. 2020

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Background: Numerous studies acknowledged the importance of an adequate vegetable consumption for human health. However, current methods to estimate vegetable intake are often prone to measurement errors due to self-reporting and/or insufficient detail. More objective intake biomarkers for vegetables, using biological specimens, are preferred. The only concentration biomarkers currently available are blood carotenoids and vitamin C, covering total fruit and vegetable intake. Identification of biomarkers for specific vegetables is needed for a better understanding of their relative importance for human health. Within the FoodBAll Project under the Joint Programming Initiative "A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life", an ambitious action was undertaken to identify candidate intake biomarkers for all major food groups consumed in Europe by systematically reviewing the existent literature. This study describes the review on candidate biomarkers of food intake (BFIs) for leafy, bulb, and stem vegetables, which was conducted within PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science for studies published through March 2019. Results: In total, 65 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility for leafy vegetables, and 6 full-text articles were screened for bulb and stem vegetables. Putative BFIs were identified for spinach, lettuce, endive, asparagus, artichoke, and celery, but not for rocket salad. However, after critical evaluation through a validation scheme developed by the FoodBAll consortium, none of the putative biomarkers appeared to be a promising BFI. The food chemistry data indicate that some candidate BFIs may be revealed by further studies. Conclusion: Future randomized controlled feeding studies combined with observational studies, applying a nontargeted metabolomics approach, are needed in order to identify valuable BFIs for the intake of leafy, bulb, and stem vegetables.

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Polyphenol Phase‐II Metabolites are Detectable in Human Plasma after Ingestion of ¹³C Labeled Spinach—a Pilot Intervention Trial in Young Healthy Adults

Cited by 10 publications

References 45 publications

Phenol Biological Metabolites as Food Intake Biomarkers, a Pending Signature for a Complete Understanding of the Beneficial Effects of the Mediterranean Diet

Phenol Biological Metabolites as Food Intake Biomarkers, a Pending Signature for a Complete Understanding of the Beneficial Effects of the Mediterranean Diet

Discovery of Urinary Biomarkers of Spinach Consumption Using Untargeted LC‐MS Metabolomics in a Human Intervention Trial

Food intake biomarkers for green leafy vegetables, bulb vegetables, and stem vegetables: a review

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Polyphenol Phase‐II Metabolites are Detectable in Human Plasma after Ingestion of 13C Labeled Spinach—a Pilot Intervention Trial in Young Healthy Adults

Cited by 10 publications

References 45 publications

Phenol Biological Metabolites as Food Intake Biomarkers, a Pending Signature for a Complete Understanding of the Beneficial Effects of the Mediterranean Diet

Phenol Biological Metabolites as Food Intake Biomarkers, a Pending Signature for a Complete Understanding of the Beneficial Effects of the Mediterranean Diet

Discovery of Urinary Biomarkers of Spinach Consumption Using Untargeted LC‐MS Metabolomics in a Human Intervention Trial

Food intake biomarkers for green leafy vegetables, bulb vegetables, and stem vegetables: a review

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Polyphenol Phase‐II Metabolites are Detectable in Human Plasma after Ingestion of ¹³C Labeled Spinach—a Pilot Intervention Trial in Young Healthy Adults