Polyphenolic Compounds Extracted and Purified from Buddleja Globosa Hope (Buddlejaceae) Leaves Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents and Centrifugal Partition Chromatography

Abstract

Chemical profiling of Buddleja globosa was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization (HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT/MS) and quadrupole time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-QTOF/MS). The identification of 17 main phenolic compounds in B. globosa leaf extracts was achieved. Along with caffeoyl glucoside isomers, caffeoylshikimic acid and several verbascoside derivatives (β-hydroxyverbascoside and β-hydroxyisoverbascoside) were identified. Among flavonoid compounds, the presence of 6-hydroxyluteolin-7-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, apigenin 7-O-glucoside was confirmed. Campneoside I, forsythoside B, lipedoside A and forsythoside A were identified along with verbascoside, isoverbascoside, eukovoside and martynoside. The isolation of two bioactive phenolic compounds verbascoside and forsythoside B from Buddleja globosa (Buddlejaceae) was successfully achieved by centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC). Both compounds were obtained in one-step using optimized CPC methodology with the two-phase solvent system comprising ethyl acetate-n-butanol-ethanol-water (0.25: 0.75: 0.1: 1, v/v). Additionally, eight Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADESs) were tested for the extraction of polyphenols and compared with 80% methanol. The contents of verbascoside and luteolin 7-O-glucoside after extraction with 80% methanol were 26.165 and 3.206 mg/g, respectively. Among the NADESs tested in this study, proline- citric acid (1:1) and choline chloride-1, 2- propanediol (1:2) were the most promising solvents. With these NADES, extraction yields for verbascoside and luteolin 7-O-glucoside were 51.045 and 4.387 mg/g, respectively. Taken together, the results of this study confirm that CPC enabled the fast isolation of bioactive polyphenols from B. globosa. NADESs displayed higher extraction efficiency of phenolic and therefore could be used as an ecofriendly alternative to classic organic solvents.

The Most Potent Natural Pharmaceuticals, Cosmetics, and Food Ingredients Isolated from Plants with Deep Eutectic Solvents

“…92 This could be explained by lower viscosities of some DESs with diols as HBDs than with organic acids, which facilitates mass transport during extraction (e.g., the viscosity of ChCl:lactic acid at 25 °C is equal 301.902 mPa•s and that of ChCl:ethylene glycol is equal to 32.045 mPa•s). 92,192 Some hydrophobic DESs, based on fatty acids, also show low viscosities, which improves extraction efficiency. 15 The extraction efficiency also depends on the pK a of the HBD and the extracted compound.…”

“…They have very good antioxidative and antimicrobial properties, which makes them promising natural preservatives. Examples of flavonoid extraction with DESs from plant material are presented in Table . ,,,,,,,− …”

Anti-Inflammatory Chilean Endemic Plants

“…In Chile, in the Mapuche (known as pañil ) and Aymara (known as palquin ) cultures, this plant was used mainly as a healing agent and wound healer. In popular medicine, its indication for use is varied, from healing wounds (internal and external) and ulcers of all kinds, by applying poultices of leaves and stems or infusing their leaves to treat liver and gallbladder pain, burning or internal ailments, dysentery, stomach ulcers, scabies, and syphilis [ 81 , 82 , 83 ]. Studies regarding this extract have shown the involvement of saponins, sesquiterpenes, triterpenes, diterpenes, phenylethanoids, and flavonoids as principal constituents [ 12 ].…”

Latest Insights on Novel Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) for Sustainable Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Natural Sources

“…Torres-Vega et al [ 59 ] reported polyphenols extraction from Buddleja globosa Hope leaves through heating and mixing with DESs. Buddleja globosa is a medicinal plant traditionally used by the Mapuche for the treatment of wounds and dermatological, gastrointestinal, and hepatic disorders [ 85 , 86 ].…”