Polyphenols as Emerging Antimicrobial Agents

Ali, Arshad; Parisi, Antonio; Normanno, G.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-84126-3_10

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 281 publications

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“…TFC and TPC are also reported to prevent DNA from oxidative stress including inhibition of tumor cell growth and exhibit antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. The previous investigations also revealed the role of phenolic compounds as a great source of antioxidant activity in D. malabarica [ 50 ], and the flavonoids are polyphenols which play a vital role in antibiotics action [ 51 ] because only flavonoids are involved in making complexes with microbial proteins, cell wall, and many other components that are responsible for biological function.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of Diospyros malabarica (Gaub) Extracts in Various Polarity-Dependent Solvents for Evaluation of Phytoconstituents and Biological Activities

Zreen

Hameed

Kiran

et al. 2022

BioMed Research International

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Keeping in mind the ascribed repute of Diospyros malabarica (D. malabarica), this investigation was commenced to assess the effect of diverse solvents on extraction yields, phytochemical components and antioxidant capability, and in vitro biological activities of D. malabarica for pharmaceutically active constituents to combat various infections. To screen phytochemicals both qualitatively (flavonoids, terpenoid, saponins, tannins) and quantitatively like total phenolic and flavonoid contents, Diospyros malabarica parts include the following: root, leaves, bark, stem, ripe, and unripe fruit were sequentially extracted with organic solvents such as petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, and water in increasing order of polarity from less polar to more polar solvents. Furthermore, biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory were explored. The results revealed that all the tested solvents displayed a vital role in the extraction yield, the content of phytochemicals, and the studied biological activities. Methanol was found as the best solvent followed by the ethanol for the extraction, representing the highest extraction yield (18.3%), rich diversity of phytochemicals, and the highest total phenolic contents ( 602 ± 0.001 μ g EAG/mg of extract) and total flavonoid contents ( 455 ± 0.6 μ g EQ/mg of extract) in bark extract. Furthermore, methanol bark extract showed high in vitro antibacterial activity ( 30.25 mm ± 0.9 ), antifungal activity ( 18.25 mm ± 0.2 ), anticancer activity (48%), antidiabetic activity (68%) and anti-inflammatory activity (62%) followed by ethanol amongst other extracts of D. malabarica. Accordingly, methanol might be as an ideal solvent to get maximum content of phytochemicals, promising antioxidants, and in vitro biological activities from bark extract amongst other extracts of D. malabarica compared to pet ether, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane and may act as free radical rummager because phytochemical constituents exhibit antioxidant capability. Our findings suggest that phytochemical compounds (flavonoids, tannins, phenols, saponins, and terpenoids) found in the bark extract of D. malabarica may be attributed to evaluate potent anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and antifungal activities.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of Diospyros malabarica (Gaub) Extracts in Various Polarity-Dependent Solvents for Evaluation of Phytoconstituents and Biological Activities

Zreen

Hameed

Kiran

et al. 2022

BioMed Research International

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“…Flavonols possess hydroxyl groups at positions 5 and 7 in the A-ring and are mainly present in epidermal cells to protect DNA against UV-induced damage [ 24 ]. Four types of flavonol compounds (quercetin, galangin, kaempferol, and myricetin) are mainly distributed in vegetables and fruits, such as asparagus, onions, lettuce, broccoli, tomato, and apples ( Figure A2 ) [ 25 ]. Flavonols exhibit interesting biological activities, including antioxidant, antibacterial, cardioprotective, anticancer, and antiviral activities.…”

Section: Flavonoid Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Classification, Biosynthesis, Biological Activities and Potential Applications of Flavonoids

Shen

Wang

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Flavonoids represent the main class of plant secondary metabolites and occur in the tissues and organs of various plant species. In plants, flavonoids are involved in many biological processes and in response to various environmental stresses. The consumption of flavonoids has been known to reduce the risk of many chronic diseases due to their antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties. In the present review, we summarize the classification, distribution, biosynthesis pathways, and regulatory mechanisms of flavonoids. Moreover, we investigated their biological activities and discuss their applications in food processing and cosmetics, as well as their pharmaceutical and medical uses. Current trends in flavonoid research are also briefly described, including the mining of new functional genes and metabolites through omics research and the engineering of flavonoids using nanotechnology. This review provides a reference for basic and applied research on flavonoid compounds.

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“…Polyphenols are a large group of secondary metabolites that are classified according to their phenolic groups and structural elements as flavonoids, stilbenes, lignans, tannins, and phenolic acids [87]. The antibacterial capacity levels of polyphenols towards Gram-negative and positive MDR bacteria have been linked to their ability to bind to bacterial enzymes via a hydrogen bond, inducing several modifications in cell membrane permeability and cell wall integrity [86,88,89]. Examples include catechin from Adansonia digitata and vitexin from tannic acid from Dichrostachys cinerea (see Table 3).…”

Section: Polyphenolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Selected African Medicinal Plants as Alternative Therapeutics against Multi-Drug-Resistant Bacteria

Moiketsi,

Makale,

Rantong

et al. 2023

Biomedicines

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Antimicrobial resistance is considered a “One-Health” problem, impacting humans, animals, and the environment. The problem of the rapid development and spread of bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics is a rising global health threat affecting both rich and poor nations. Low- and middle-income countries are at highest risk, in part due to the lack of innovative research on the surveillance and discovery of novel therapeutic options. Fast and effective drug discovery is crucial towards combatting antimicrobial resistance and reducing the burden of infectious diseases. African medicinal plants have been used for millennia in folk medicine to cure many diseases and ailments. Over 10% of the Southern African vegetation is applied in traditional medicine, with over 15 species being partially or fully commercialized. These include the genera Euclea, Ficus, Aloe, Lippia. And Artemisia, amongst many others. Bioactive compounds from indigenous medicinal plants, alone or in combination with existing antimicrobials, offer promising solutions towards overcoming multi-drug resistance. Secondary metabolites have different mechanisms and modes of action against bacteria, such as the inhibition and disruption of cell wall synthesis; inhibition of DNA replication and ATP synthesis; inhibition of quorum sensing; inhibition of AHL or oligopeptide signal generation, broadcasting, and reception; inhibition of the formation of biofilm; disruption of pathogenicity activities; and generation of reactive oxygen species. The aim of this review is to highlight some promising traditional medicinal plants found in Africa and provide insights into their secondary metabolites as alternative options in antibiotic therapy against multi-drug-resistant bacteria. Additionally, synergism between plant secondary metabolites and antibiotics has been discussed.

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Polyphenols as Emerging Antimicrobial Agents

Cited by 10 publications

References 281 publications

A Comparative Study of Diospyros malabarica (Gaub) Extracts in Various Polarity-Dependent Solvents for Evaluation of Phytoconstituents and Biological Activities

A Comparative Study of Diospyros malabarica (Gaub) Extracts in Various Polarity-Dependent Solvents for Evaluation of Phytoconstituents and Biological Activities

A Review of Classification, Biosynthesis, Biological Activities and Potential Applications of Flavonoids

Potential of Selected African Medicinal Plants as Alternative Therapeutics against Multi-Drug-Resistant Bacteria

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