Polyphenylene Tetrasulfide as an Inherently Flexible Cathode Material for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

Bhargav, Amruth; Bell, Michaela Elaine; Cui, Yi; Fu, Yongzhu

doi:10.1021/acsaem.8b01350

Cited by 67 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…As the mass content of graphene in composite film increase, the mechanical property of film increase, and achieves to the highest when the mass content Graphene is often regarded as an excellent reinforcing filler for the composites due to its outstanding mechanical performance [8][9][10][11][12]. Researchers applied the ratio of tensile strength of the sample after and before healed to characterize the self-healing efficiency [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. We measured the tensile strength of samples, including G-TPU composite films before, and after, healing by electricity, and IR light, respectively, as shown in Figure 11.…”

Section: Self-healing Of G-tpu Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, they are susceptible to failure arising from micro-cracks generated on the surface and inside inner layer during processing and utilization, which lead to a sharp decrease in their sustainability, safety, and lifetime [5][6][7][8][9]. To solve this problem, self-healing polymers and composites that can heal themselves spontaneously and automatically in response to damage and regenerate its original structure and function, have gradually become a research hotspot [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Self-healing materials are new smart materials that can imitate the self-healing of organism after damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrical and Thermal and Self-Healing Properties of Graphene-Thermopolyurethane Flexible Conductive Films

et al. 2020

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We fabricated graphene-thermopolyurethane (G-TPU) flexible conductive film by a blending method and systematically investigated the electrical, thermal and self-healing properties of the G-TPU flexible conductive film by infrared light and electricity. The experimental results demonstrate that the G-TPU composite films have good conductivity and thermal conductivity in the appropriate mass content of graphene in the composite film. The composite films have the good electro-thermal and infrared light thermal response performances and electro-thermal response performance is closely related to the mass content of graphene in the composite film, but the infrared light thermal response performance is not. The scratch on the composite film can be completely healed, using electricity or infrared light. The healing efficiency of the composite film healed using infrared light is higher than that of using the electricity, while the healing time of the composite film is shorter. Regardless of the self-healing method, the temperature of the self-healing is a very important factor. The self-healing conductive composite film still exhibits a good conductivity.Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 753 2 of 16 of the material can be automatically healed to improve the safety, lifetime, and environmental impact of man-made materials [16][17][18][19][20][21]. To obtain self-healing materials, many strategies have been explored, such as micro-containers containing healing agent and microvascular networks in the matrix, dynamic chemical bonds or weak interaction [22][23][24][25][26][27]. These self-healing materials can realize self-healing by using a large number of healing agents [28,29]. In theory, they can realize multiple self-healing of the damaged materials with the assistance of external light, heat, and electric field, et al. Although, great progress has been made in the research of the self-healing materials and techniques, there are still some critical problems that restrict their applications, such as low mechanical properties after healing, high cost, time-consuming, and low efficiency. Therefore, it is significant to fabricate a self-healing polymer and composites based on new materials, and then explore their potential applications, as well as new healing method.Graphene (G), a novel two-dimensional material, possesses large specific surface area, superior mechanical property, as well as being an excellent conductor of both heat and electricity, and having a good microwave and infrared absorbing capacity, so they have strong response to electricity and electromagnetic waves and infrared radiation (IR) [30][31][32][33][34]. Graphene is often used as fillers in preparing functional composites. Based on these properties, researchers fabricated graphene-based self-healing polymer composites by introducing graphene into the polymer [34,35]. Kim et al. reported, for the first time, self-healable PU nanocomposites, containing modified graphene by the near IR absorption of graphene [36]. Huang et al. prepared TPU containing few layers of g...

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Section: Self-healing Of G-tpu Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical and Thermal and Self-Healing Properties of Graphene-Thermopolyurethane Flexible Conductive Films

et al. 2020

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“… 14 Sulfur-rich polymers often contain disulfide bonds that introduce inherent flexibility, a large electron-accepting capacity, and a weak (−S–S−) bond, which can be triggered in reversible chemical and redox reactions. 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 15 − 24 These polymers are being investigated for applications as supramolecular linkages, 19 , 25 encapsulation-controlled drug release, 21 , 26 , 27 components for metal-ion batteries, 15 , 28 − 34 and self-healing materials. 16 , 18 Research into the synthesis and applications of heterosubstituted disulfide polymers will expand the properties of sulfur-rich polymers by the integration of novel atoms bonded to sulfur, but they are less well studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymerization of Aniline Derivatives to Yield Poly[N,N-(phenylamino)disulfides] as Polymeric Auxochromes

et al. 2021

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Polymerizations of phenylamines with a disulfide transfer reagent to yield poly [N,N-(phenylamino) disulfides] (poly-NADs) were investigated due to their unique repeat units that resulted in conjugation along the backbone that was perturbed by the aromatic rings and gave different colors for the polymers. These polymers were synthesized from 10 different anilines and sulfur monochloride in a step-growth polymerization. The polymers were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography-multiangle light scattering, and UV−vis spectroscopy. These polymers possessed a polymeric backbone solely consisting of nitrogen and sulfur [−N(R)SS−], which was conjugated and yielded polymers of moderate molecular weight. Most notably, these polymers were an array of colors ranging from pale yellow to a deep purple depending on the substitution of the aromatic ring. The more electron-poor systems produced lighter yellow polymers, while the electron-rich systems gave orange, green, red, and even purple polymers.

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“…[ 19,20 ] More recently, polymers containing multiple SS bonds that have been synthesized through inverse vulcanization, [ 21,22 ] incorporation of covalent frameworks, [ 22–25 ] and condensation reactions have been reported. [ 26–29 ] In addition to polymers, linear compounds, [ 15,30,31 ] cyclics, [ 32 ] hybrids, [ 33,34 ] and compounds with unique functional groups have also been reported. [ 35–37 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xanthogen Polysulfides as a New Class of Electrode Material for Rechargeable Batteries

Bhargav

Manthiram

2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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electrochemical reversibility. In addition to their favorable redox behavior, these compounds are also naturally abundant, environmentally friendly, inexpensive, and easy to process into battery electrodes. [12] While sulfur offers a high energy density exceeding 2500 W h kg −1 , it is beleaguered by three major issues. First, the electrical conductivity of sulfur is extremely low, necessitating the addition of a large amount of conductive hosts (e.g., carbon) in the battery electrode. Second, the difference in density between sulfur and its discharge product, Li 2 S, is quite large. This results in a volume change of nearly 80% during cycling, thus requiring a cathode structure to accommodate the large volume fluctuation and the resulting stresses generated. Third, the lithium polysulfides formed during cycling are electrolyte-soluble and thus shuttle between the electrodes. This "shuttle effect" results in a loss of active material, poor Coulombic efficiency, and short cycle life. [8] On the other hand, organic compounds (e.g., carbonyls, organosulfides, imines, and nitriles) present three distinct advantages. First, the functional groups in the organic moieties can alter the physical properties of these materials including their electrical conductivity. [9] Second, the difference in density between the delithiated and the lithiated forms of these compounds is low, resulting in a smaller volume change and stress in the cathode. [13] Finally, the bulkiness and polarity of the organic functional groups can be used to alter their solubility in the electrolyte, thus minimizing parasitic shuttle effects. [12,14] Organosulfur compounds combine the multi-electron, highenergy-density characteristics of sulfur with the distinct advantages of organic compounds. Specifically, the ability to tune the physical and chemical properties of organosulfur materials with various functional groups allows for optimization of their conductivity, solubility, and density. [9,15-17] Recognizing these advantages, various organosulfur compounds have been reported since the late 1980s. [18,19] Early reports of such materials focused on polymers that functioned according to the disulfide-thiolate redox behavior. [19,20] More recently, polymers containing multiple SS bonds that have been synthesized through inverse vulcanization, [21,22] incorporation of covalent frameworks, [22-25] and condensation reactions have been reported. [26-29] In addition to polymers, linear compounds, [15,30,31] cyclics, [32] hybrids, [33,34] and compounds with unique functional groups have also been reported. [35-37] Organosulfides are an emerging class of alternative sulfur-based cathode materials. This work explores a new member in this family of active materials, viz., xanthogen polysulfides. Diisopropyl xanthogen polysulfide (DIXPS) is used as a model compound in a lithium battery to understand the chemical changes and the unique electrochemical behavior of this class of materials by employing various materials characterization methodologies. As a cathode ma...

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Polyphenylene Tetrasulfide as an Inherently Flexible Cathode Material for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

Cited by 67 publications

References 32 publications

Electrical and Thermal and Self-Healing Properties of Graphene-Thermopolyurethane Flexible Conductive Films

Electrical and Thermal and Self-Healing Properties of Graphene-Thermopolyurethane Flexible Conductive Films

Polymerization of Aniline Derivatives to Yield Poly[N,N-(phenylamino)disulfides] as Polymeric Auxochromes

Xanthogen Polysulfides as a New Class of Electrode Material for Rechargeable Batteries

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