“…The shape of the polyps is also thought to favor urine retention and bacterial adhesion to the mucosa, instigating a vicious cycle of infection-proliferation-inflammation. 3,11 While canine polypoid cystitis typically occurs in adult dogs, Ruiz et al 8 reported the occurrence of the disease in a 14-week-old springer spaniel puppy that presented due to recurrent hematuria. In that previous case, bacterial urine culture was negative, however, urinalysis intermittently revealed the presence of struvite crystals.…”