“…These findings help explain the occurrence of neurodevelopmental disorders such as megalencephaly, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and developmental delay in individuals with PHTS (70-72). Importantly, germline PTEN mutations have been reported in previously undiagnosed individuals with isolated PHTS-related phenotypes, indicating that the syndrome is indeed underdiagnosed (71,(73)(74)(75)(76)(77)(78)(79). Certainly, utilizing knowledge about PHTS pathogenesis aids in establishing a molecular diagnosis, itself critical both for understanding phenotype correlations.…”