Polysaccharide Immunomodulators as Therapeutic Agents: Structural Aspects and Biologic Function

Tzianabos, Arthur O.

doi:10.1128/cmr.13.4.523-533.2000

Cited by 418 publications

(232 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…In vivo administration of β-glucans has been beneficial against pathogens such as fungi, bacteria, viruses and protozoa [10] in several animal models by stimulating innate immunity, cytokine production and oxidative stress. Despite this proinflammatory role, β-glucans may decrease tissue damage in already established inflammatory processes [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lentinula edodes β-glucan enriched diet induces pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages in rabbit

Crespo

Guillén²,

Pablo-Maiso

et al. 2017

Food & Nutrition Research

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ABSTRACTβ-glucans exhibited in cell walls of several pathogens as bacteria or fungi are sensed by pathogen recognition receptors such as scavenger receptors present in antigen presenting cells, i.e., macrophages. β-glucans obtained from Shiitake mushrooms were chemically characterized. A β-glucan supplemented diet was assayed for 30 days in rabbits aiming to characterize the immune response elicited in blood-derived macrophages. M1 and M2 profiles of macrophage differentiation were confirmed in rabbits by in vitro stimulation with IFN-γ and IL-4 and marker quantification of each differentiation pathway. Blood derived macrophages from rabbits administered in vivo with the β-glucan supplemented diet showed higher IL-4, IFN-γ and RAGE together with lower IL-10 relative expression, indicative of an ongoing immune response. Differences in IL-1β, IL-13 and IL-4 expression were also found in rabbit sera by ELISA suggesting further stimulation of the adaptive response. Recent challenges in the rabbit industry include the search of diet supplements able to elicit an immune stimulation with particular interest in facing pathogens such as viruses or bacteria. β–glucans from fungi may contribute to maintain an immune steady state favouring protection and thus reducing antibiotic treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lentinula edodes β-glucan enriched diet induces pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages in rabbit

Crespo

Guillén²,

Pablo-Maiso

et al. 2017

Food & Nutrition Research

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“…In-feed modulators of piglet immunity Yeast derivates Interest in the impact of polysaccharides on immunity has increased rapidly over the past decade and this is reflected in the large number of reviews dealing with this topic (Bohn and BeMiller, 1995;Williams, 1997;Tzianabos, 2000;Brown and Gordon, 2003). A variety of polysaccharides from different natural sources have the ability to modulate the immune system.…”

Section: Natural Alternatives To In-feed Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among those, b-D-glucans and the carbohydrate portion of mannoproteins, the a-D-mannans, have been recognised to be responsible for modulating the immune responses in mammals through specific interactions with different immunocompetent cells (Kogan and Kocher, 2007). A direct interaction of b-D-glucans with macrophages and polymorphonuclear cells confers to these products their immunomodulatory properties (Tzianabos, 2000;Brown and Gordon, 2003). Mannans alter the immune response by specific links with mannose receptors, present on many cells of the immune system (Lee, 1988), such as macrophages (Tzianabos, 2000).…”

Section: Natural Alternatives To In-feed Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A direct interaction of b-D-glucans with macrophages and polymorphonuclear cells confers to these products their immunomodulatory properties (Tzianabos, 2000;Brown and Gordon, 2003). Mannans alter the immune response by specific links with mannose receptors, present on many cells of the immune system (Lee, 1988), such as macrophages (Tzianabos, 2000).…”

Section: Natural Alternatives To In-feed Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their different chemical structures would be expected to be reflected in their different bioactivities (Bohn and BeMiller, 1995). Furthermore, depending on the extraction procedure, soluble and insoluble fractions that have different activities can be present together or separately (Tzianabos, 2000). Thus, the form under which glucans are included in diet will probably influence their biological properties.…”

Section: Natural Alternatives To In-feed Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural alternatives to in-feed antibiotics in pig production: can immunomodulators play a role?

Gallois¹,

Rothkötter

Bailey

et al. 2009

Animal

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As a result of the European ban of in-feed growth-promoting antibiotics, new strategies are being developed to increase the resistance to disease in farm animals. In pig production, this is of particular importance during the weaning transition when piglets are subjected to major stressful events, making them highly sensitive to digestive disorders. At this time, the development of both innate and adaptive immunity at the mucosal surface is critical in preventing the potential harmful effects of intestinal pathogenic agents. Strategies aiming at stimulating natural host defences through the use of substances able to modulate immune functions have gained increasing interest in animal research, and different bioactive components a priori sharing those properties have been the subject of in vivo nutritional investigations in pig. Among these, yeast derivates (b-glucans and mannans) are able to interact with immune cells, particularly phagocytic cells. However, studies where they have been fed to pigs have shown inconsistent results, suggesting that their ability to target the sensitive immune cells through the oral route is questionable. The plant extracts, which would benefit from a positive image in the public opinion, have also been tested. However, due to a lack of data on the bioactive components of particular plants and the large diversity of species, it has proved difficult to prepare extracts of equivalent potency and thus, the literature on their influence on pig immunity remains inconclusive. In considering piglet immunity and health benefits, the most promising results to date have been obtained with spray-dried animal plasma, whose positive effects would be provided by specific antibodies and nonspecific competition of some plasma components with bacteria for intestinal receptors. The major positive effect of spray-dried animal plasma is in reducing the infiltration of gut-associated lymphoid tissue by immune cells, which is likely to be the result of a decreased colonisation by potentially harmful bacteria. This review also highlights the limitations of some of the published in vivo studies on the immunomodulatory activity of certain feed additives. Among those, the lack of standardisation of extracts and the heterogeneity of piglet-rearing conditions (e.g. exposure to pathogens) are likely the most limiting.

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Polysaccharides from Microorganisms, Plants and Animals

Sutherland

2002

Biopolymers Online

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Introduction Polysaccharide Composition and Structure Microbial Polysaccharide Composition and Structure Composition and Structure of Yeast and Other Fungal Polysaccharides Composition and Structure of Plant and Algal Polysaccharides Polysaccharide Synthesis Bacterial Synthesis of Polysaccharides Synthesis of Plant and Animal Polysaccharides The Physical Properties and Function of Polysaccharides Commercialization of Polysaccharides New Products

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Polysaccharide Immunomodulators as Therapeutic Agents: Structural Aspects and Biologic Function

Cited by 418 publications

References 69 publications

Lentinula edodes β-glucan enriched diet induces pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages in rabbit

Lentinula edodes β-glucan enriched diet induces pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages in rabbit

Natural alternatives to in-feed antibiotics in pig production: can immunomodulators play a role?

Polysaccharides from Microorganisms, Plants and Animals

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